2 common law sources

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1、DelegatedLegislation（授权立法）Thebodymakingitmustfirstlybegiventhepowertomakeitbyparliament.ByanActofParliament.(e.g.ThelocalgovernmentAct)E.g.bylawsinapark“Ultravires”(超越权限的),void9/17/2021DelegatedLegislation（授权立法）1.StatutoryInstruments（法定文件）2.Bylaws（内部细则）3.Actso

2、fSederunt（民事法院规定）4.ActsofAdjournal（刑事法院规定）9/17/2021StatutoryInstruments（法定文件）1.Ordersincouncil（枢密令）OrdersincouncilarerulespassedbytheQueenandherprivycouncil（枢密院）.Theyareonlymadeintimesofnationalemergency.nationalstrike(全国大罢工)，rubberstamp（橡皮图章，例行公事地通过）WhatisPri

3、vyCouncil？bodyofadvisorstotheBritishSovereign.Itsmembersarelargelyseniorpoliticians,whowereoraremembersofeithertheHouseofCommonsorHouseofLordswasformerlyapowerfulinstitution,butitspolicydecisionsarenowcontrolledbyoneofitscommittees,theCabinetoftheUnitedKingdom

4、.ItadvisestheSovereignontheexerciseoftheRoyalPrerogative,andissuesexecutiveordersknownasOrders-in-CouncilandOrdersofCouncil.9/17/20212.Ministerialregulations（部级规章）MinisteroftheCrown(大臣)FillinthetechnicaldetailsofanactofparliamentFleshedout（充实）Forexample，anactr

5、elatedtoeducation3.Bylaws（地方政府条例、细则）Localauthorities，publiccorporationorTheNationalTrustforScotland.TheSecretaryofStateforScotlandLocalneedsandconditions9/17/2021ActsofSedurantandActsofAdjournalThistypeofrulesaremadetoregulateprocedureintheScottishcourts.Actso

6、fsedurantarerulesmadebytheCourtofSession（最高民事法院）judgesinordertoregulateprocedureagainstdecisionsofthelicensingboardtotheCivilCourts.ActsofadjournalarerulesmadebytheHighCourtjudgestoregulateprocedureintheScottishCriminalCourtsHighCourtofJusticiary9/17/20219/17/

7、2021CommonLawSources1.JudicialPrecedent（司法先例）(themostinfluentialofthecommonlawsources)2.Custom（习惯法）3.Equity（公正观念）4.InstitutionalWritings（经典法律著述）9/17/2021﹡Doctrineofjudicialprecedent（司法先例）IfalegaldisputeoranyotherlegalsituationoccursandthereisnoprovisioninanySt

8、atutorySourcesofLaw。SeesasfairandjustMakinglaw—precedentShouldbefollowedbyotherjudgesinsimilarcasesLegislationpassedlatermightoverruleitCaselaw9/17/2021﹡DonoghuevStevensonTheleadin