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ID:20644455
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页数:32页
时间:2018-10-14
《脂肪乳剂对布比卡因心脏毒性的救治课件》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、脂肪乳剂对布比卡因心脏毒性的救治中山三院麻醉科1局麻药毒性反应的灾难性局部麻醉广泛应用于手术麻醉领域,而局麻药毒性反应则是用药过程中不可忽视的不良反应,严重时甚至危及生命布比卡因是常用的长效局麻药误入血管、逾量可致毒性反应甚至心脏停搏,且复苏困难?2局麻药心血管毒性抑制心脏传导组织和心肌组织血药浓度极高:外围血管舒张,房室传导阻滞,心率缓慢甚至心搏骤停布比卡因比利多卡因的心脏毒性大可有室性心律失常致命性不可逆性孕妇较非孕妇对布比卡因的心血管毒性更为敏感罗哌卡因的CVS毒性明显低于布比卡因3布比卡因毒性机制局麻药均为双极性分子(脂溶、水溶),能与细胞的不同区域(细胞膜、细胞器)的带电荷分
2、子结合多途径、多水平改变细胞信号传导和代谢过程:阻滞心肌细胞Na、K、Ca通道,改变肌浆网Ca的释放、干扰肌动-肌纤维蛋白偶联,抑制线粒体的ATP合成,抑制cAMP第二信号传导系统改变配体和β2肾上腺素能受体结合,其它可能:G-蛋白结合的离子通道,内皮NO的释放目前认为局麻药可能同时在多水平干扰细胞功能和内环境的稳定,是局麻药毒性严重而难治的根本原因4局麻药毒性反应的预防①一次用药不能超过限量②注药前必须回抽无血液③根据病人具体情况和注药部位酌减剂量④如无禁忌,局麻药液中加1:20万肾上腺素⑤局麻前给予适量的神经安定药,提高CNS毒性阈5Guidelines2007AAofGreatB
3、ritain&IrelandImmediatemanagement:StopinjectingtheLACallforhelpMaintaintheairwayand,ifnecessary,secureitwithatrachealtubeGive100%oxygenandensureadequatelungventilation(hyperventilationmayhelpbyincreasingpHinthepresenceofmetabolicacidosis)ConirmorestablishintravenousaccessControlseizures:giveaben
4、zodiazepine,thiopentalorpropofolinsmallincrementaldosesAssesscardiovascularstatusthroughout6Guidelines2007AAofGreatBritain&IrelandManagementofcardiacarrestStartcardiopulmonaryresuscitation(CPR)usingstandardprotocolsManagearrhythmiasusingthesameprotocols,recognisingthattheymaybeveryrefractorytotr
5、eatmentProlongedresuscitationmaybenecessary;itmaybeappropriatetoconsiderotheroptions:*ConsidertheuseofCPBifavailable*Considertreatmentwithlipidemulsion7Guidelines2007AAofGreatBritain&IrelandTreatmentofcardiacarrest(approximatedosesaregiveninredfora70-kgpatient)GiveanintravenousbolusinjectionofIn
6、tralipid20%1.5ml/kgover1min(Giveabolusof100ml)ContinueCPRStartanintravenousinfusionofIntralipid20%at0.25ml/kg/min(Giveatarateof400mlover20min)Repeatthebolusinjectiontwiceat5minintervalsifanadequatecirculationhasnotbeenrestored(Givetwofurtherbolusesof100mlat5minintervals)Afteranother5min,increase
7、therateto0.5ml/kg/minifanadequatecirculationhasnotbeenrestored(Giveatarateof400mlover10min)Continueinfusionuntilastableandadequatecirculationhasbeenrestored8Guidelines2007AAofGreatBritain&IrelandThisguidelinedocumentwillbere
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