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1、新航道考研名师李传伟考研英语冲刺30天第二天第二天：抓住重点阅读为先---词汇篇一、阅读词汇分类 词汇是考研阅读的基础，主要难点在于一词多义与词义的精确把握。一词多义指一个常见词有多个意义，但考试时考的是该词不太常见的意义。例如，check的常见意思是“检查”，而考研阅读中常考“限制”这一意思。对于词义的精确把握也影响答案的选择，尤其是对一个词汇意义的褒贬进行判断时。例如，anecdote（奇闻轶事）用于描述一件事情的真实性时，表示负评价，即该事情并不存在：themassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinprod
2、uctivity（1998年考研阅读第二篇第二段末句）。所以，复习阅读词汇时要分类进行：核心词汇、一词多义的词汇与表示态度倾向的词汇。下面以2003年考研阅读第三篇文章为例说明如何区分和记忆上述几类词汇。二、2003年考研阅读第三篇词汇分析 Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeenbiningergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70perc
3、entofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersispleted,justfourrailroadsovedbymajorrailcarriers. Supportersofthenesarguethatthesemergersonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercepetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshippersplainthatforheavybulkmoditiestravelinglongdistances,suc
4、hascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat. Thevastconsolidationeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailpany.Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydoent’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,butt
5、heprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,andecases. Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperssoftransportationainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeeping
6、uptheline.It’satheorytoanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingarketplace?”asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlaustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquir123下一页［教育资源网］edu..，。eoneanother,on.Considerth
7、e$10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’srailillion,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.anycaptiveshippersfearthattheyarket.11.Accordingtothoseergersrailonopolyisunlikelybecause.[A]costreductionisbasedonpetition[B]servicescallforcross-tr
8、adecoordination[C]outsidepetitorsanycapt
