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1、卓尔不凡,超越自我第一章名词同学们,让我们一起来观察下面的单词:bananawatercupbirdmanmotherfatherlifeideaBeijingChinaSmithMondayNo.2MiddleSchooltheGreatWall我们发现,以上单词都是表示人或事物名称的词,我们把它们称为名词,用符号n.来表示。名词到底学什么?一是名词的分类;二是名词的数;三是名词的所有格。第一节名词的分类接下来,我们来学习一下名词的分类。专有名词:China,theGreatWall,Helen(世上
2、独一无二):专有名词和由普通名词构成的专名名名词类格数单数abook可数名词词复数 twobooks普通名词1)水质的:water,milk,juice不可数名词2)油质的:oil,butter,soap, 3)粉末状的:chalk,bread第二节名词的数我们知道,按照数的划分,名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类。接着让我们进入以下的精彩学习吧!一.可数名词先来看一下可数名词单数变复数的变化:1.规则变化(口诀:ses加双变)①直接+s例如:books,chairs,students,oranges
3、68 卓尔不凡,超越自我②以字母-s,-x,-ch,-sh,–o结尾的名词,在词尾加-es例如:boxes,peaches,watches,dishes以o结尾的名词变为复数词尾加es的口诀:黑人(Negroes)英雄(heroes)在火山(volcanoes)上吃芒果(mangos/es)土豆(potatoes)西红柿(tomatoes)提示:radios,photos③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加-es例如:fa
4、mily—families,baby—babies(以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接加-s例:boys,toys,monkeys)④以字母-f,-fe结尾的名词,变f/fe为ves口诀:妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得丢面包(loaf)躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life),半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光对应复数为:wives,knives,wolves,thieves,loaves,shelves,selves,lives,halve
5、s,leaves注:词尾可以直接加s的词有:roofs,chiefs,safes,cliffs,gulfs,golfs;词尾可以加s也可加es的有:scarf,handkerchief2.名词变复数的发音规则名词后加s,es发音为:/s/,/z/,/iz/口诀:清清浊浊元浊,/t/,/d/后发/ts/,/dz/,遇到/s,z,t∫,d3,∫,3/发/iz/例如:shops/ps/ducks/ks/ 例如:pens/z/;boys/z/ 例如:cats/ts/hats/ts/passports/ts/t
6、ourists/ts/例如:birds/dz/friends/dz/cards/dz/例如:buses/siz/sizes/ziz/peaches/t∫iz/oranges/d3iz/3.不规则变化(1)口诀:有些名词特殊记,foot,tooth和goose,oo变ee;多个孩子多个人,男人女人a变e;鹿羊鱼耍脾气,保持原身体。小老鼠真淘气,掉进冰里丢身体。(ox公牛—oxen)68 卓尔不凡,超越自我注:fish的用法(3fish,
7、kindsoffishes,eatsomefish)(2)口诀:“两个名词”在一起,前不变,后变,除了男人和女人,主体名词加s,以上规则须牢记。appletree—appletrees,keyboardoperator—keyboardoperators,girlfriend—girlfiends,boystudent—boystudents,但mandoctor—mendoctors,womandoctor—womendoctors;stepmother,mother-in-law(3)表“国人”的名
8、词:口诀:中日不变,英法变,其余s加后面。a.Chinese—Chinese,Japanese—Japanese,b.Englishman—Englishmen,Frenchman—Frenchmen,c.American—Americans,German—Germans(以-can,-an结尾的国人+s)4.集体名词family,class等强调“整体”谓语(单数)强调“成员”谓语(复数)例如:Myfamilyishappy.Myfami