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ID:20533375
大小:7.35 MB
页数:30页
时间:2018-10-12
《耳的解剖学课件》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、PartOne:Anatomyoftheear耳科学Otology耳的解剖、生理、症状学PartOne:Anatomyoftheear颞骨毗邻:上方--顶骨前方--蝶骨、颧骨后方--枕骨颞骨分部:squamous(鳞部)mastoidpart(乳突)petrouspart(岩部)tympanicpart(鼓部)styloidprocess(茎突)构建颅中窝和颅后窝颞骨解剖AnatomyofTemporalbonePartOne:Anatomyoftheear耳的解剖Anatomy:outerearmiddleearinnerear耳的解剖划分Anatomyofthee
2、arPartOne:Anatomyoftheear外耳的解剖outerear--auricle(耳廓)Externalauditorymeatus(外耳道)Anatomyoftheouterear耳轮对耳轮三角窝耳轮脚耳屏对耳屏舟状窝耳甲腔耳屏间切迹耳垂PartOne:Anatomyoftheear耳廓除耳垂为脂肪与结缔组织构成而无软骨外,其余均以弹性软骨为支架,外覆软骨膜和皮肤前面的皮肤与软骨粘连甚紧,皮下组织少,在炎症发生肿胀时,感觉神经受压迫而引起剧痛耳廓的血肿及渗出物极难吸收耳部外伤手术可引起软骨膜炎,甚至引起耳廓变形耳廓血管表浅,皮肤菲薄,很易受冻外耳的解剖
3、耳廓的解剖特点PartOne:Anatomyoftheear外耳的解剖outerear--auricle(耳廓)Externalauditorymeatus(外耳道)Externalauditorymeatus长约2.5--3.5cm,外1/3为软骨部,内2/3为骨部外耳道呈“S”形弯曲外耳道有二个生理狭窄外耳道皮下组织甚少外耳道皮肤是耳廓皮肤的延续软骨部皮肤富有毛囊,皮脂腺及耵聍腺-厚骨部皮肤缺乏毛囊结构--菲薄PartOne:Anatomyoftheear中耳的解剖鼓室tympaniccavity咽鼓管eustachiantube鼓窦tympanicantrum乳
4、突mastoidprocessAnatomyofmiddleearPartOne:Anatomyoftheear鼓室容积容积约1--2ml鼓室的划分上鼓室epitympanum中鼓室mesotympanum下鼓室hypotympanum鼓室间距上下径-15mm前后径-13mm内外径-上鼓室约6mm中鼓室约2mm下鼓室约4mm图5-1-9中耳的解剖Tympaniccavity(鼓室)PartOne:Anatomyoftheear中耳的解剖Tympaniccavity(鼓室)前壁:颈内动脉、鼓膜张肌半管和咽鼓管鼓室开口后壁:面神经垂直段,鼓窦入口上壁:鼓室天盖、岩鳞裂fi
5、ssurapetrosquamosa下壁:颈静脉球、颈内动脉PartOne:Anatomyoftheear中耳的解剖Tympaniccavity(鼓室)内壁鼓岬promontory卵圆窗ovalwindow圆窗roundwindow面神经水平段facialnervecanal外侧半规管lateralsemicircularcanal外壁鼓膜、上鼓室外侧壁PartOne:Anatomyoftheear中耳的解剖Tympanicmembrane鼓膜:大小:9mm8mm厚度:0.1mm结构:上皮层纤维层黏膜层鼓膜表面的主要标志象限划分:四个象限---意义:定位、穿刺Par
6、tOne:Anatomyoftheear中耳的解剖Tympaniccavity鼓室内容:听小骨ossicles:锤骨(malleus)砧骨(incus)镫骨(stapes)听骨韧带:锤、砧、镫鼓室肌肉:鼓膜张肌tensortympanimuscle镫骨肌stapediusmuscle锤骨镫骨OssicularchainPartOne:Anatomyoftheear中耳的解剖鼓室tympaniccavity咽鼓管eustachiantube鼓窦tympanicantrum乳突mastoidprocessAnatomyofmiddleearPartOne:Anatomyo
7、ftheear中耳的解剖咽鼓管是沟通鼓室与鼻咽部的管道起--止,长约35mm外1/3是骨部,内2/3是软骨部(近咽部侧)静止时咽鼓管呈闭合状态,其主要功能是调节中耳内外之压力,引流中耳之分泌物小儿的咽鼓管特点?平、短、宽Pharyngotympanictube为什么小儿容易患急性中耳炎?PartOne:Anatomyoftheear中耳的解剖鼓室tympaniccavity咽鼓管eustachiantube鼓窦tympanicantrum乳突mastoidprocessAnatomyofmiddleearPartOne:Anatomyoftheear
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