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1、Increasedresistancedueto ”non-human”antibioticuse(veterinaryandzootechnicaluse)ChristinaGrekoDeptofAntibioticsNationalVeterinaryInstitute(SVA)Uppsala,Sweden1Whyuseantibioticsforanimals?TherapyProphylaxisGrowthpromotionFeedadditivesforperformanceenhancement,70/524/EECsp
2、iramycin(-99)tylosin(-99)virginiamycin(-99)avoparcin(-97)ardacin(-97)bacitracin(-99)avilamycincarbadox(-99)olaquindox(-99)flavofosfolipolmonensinsalinomycinSomeindicationsforveterinaryuseAntibioticsapprovedforuseinbovinesand/orporcines(Sweden2001)Individualmedicationpe
3、nicillin-Gpenicillin-DHSamoxicillinceftiofurmacrolides(16-M)pleuromutilinstrim/sulph.tetracyclinesfluoroquinolonesaminoglycosidesGroupmedicationmacrolides(16-M)pleuromutilinstetracyclinesfluoroquinolonesFrom:FASSVET.2001Salesofantibioticsforanimals,EU1997as gantibiotic
4、/tonnesoflivewheightslaughteredCalculatedfromdatain:EMEA/CVMP/342/99-Final,table17(FEDESAdata)ResistancetoAPEinE.faeciumfrombroilersinDenmarkFrom:DANMAP95,96,97,98,99,00(www.svs.dk)PenicillinresistanceamongS.aureusfromclinicalmastitisincowsandsalesofpenicillinDataascit
5、edinGreko,1996KSLA135(15)p27-andSVARM2000(www.sva.se)Transferofzoonoticbacteria9Antibioticresistance,S.TyphimuriumfromanimalsDatafrom:DEFRA:Salmonellainlivestockproduction2000,DANMAP2000andSVARM2000QuinoloneresistanceinCampylobacter(NL)From:Endtzetal,1991,JAC,27:211-21
6、7ResistancetonalidixicacidamongC.jejuni,DenmarkSource:DANMAP00(www.svs.dk)QuinoloneresistanceinCampylobacterjejuni(DK,1999)From:DANMAP99(www.svs.dk)Fluoroquinolones-humanvsveterinaryuseinSwedenDatafromNaturvårdsverket,1994andStatisticsSwedenTransferof resistancegenes15
7、Foodassource-tetracyclineresistanceincoliformsofhelthyvolunteersoncontrolorsteriledietFrom:Corpet,NEJM1988,318:1205-Transferofgenes-spreadofstreptothricin-resistance(Tn1825),GDRFrom:Witte,1996(CibaFoundationSymposium207)Transferofgenes-basepairvariantsofTn1546fromVREFr
8、om:Jensen,AAC199842:2463Effectofinterventions-withdrawalofgrowthpromotingantibiotics19Salesofantibacterialsforanimalu
