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1、1Doweneedrobotmorality?WHATISINTELLIGENCE?Pragmaticdefinitionofintelligence:“anintelligentsystemisasystemwiththeabilitytoactappropriately(ormakeanappropriatechoiceordecision)inanuncertainenvironment.”Anappropriateaction(orchoice)isthatwhichmaximizestheprobabil
2、ityofsuccessfullyachievingthemissiongoals(orthepurposeofthesystem)Intelligenceneednotbeatthehumanlevel3Human-RobotInteractioninteractionintelligencemoralityConsciousness?RobotMoralityisarelativelynewresearchareawhichisbecomingverypopularbecauseofmilitaryandass
3、istiverobotics.WHYROBOTMORALITY?Robotsarebecomingtechnicallyextremelysophisticated.Theemergingrobotisamachinewithsensors,processors,andeffectorsabletoperceivetheenvironment,havesituationalawareness,makeappropriatedecisions,andactupontheenvironmentVarioussensor
4、s:activeandpassiveopticalandladarvision,acoustic,ultrasonic,RF,microwave,touch,etc.Variouseffectors:propellers,wheels,tracks,legs,hybridsTheserobotsliveinhumanenvironmentandcanharmhumansphysically.MilitaryunmannedvehiclesarerobotsSpace,air,ground,water6Ethical
5、concerns:RobotbehaviorHowdowewantourintelligentsystemstobehave?Howcanweensuretheydoso?Asimov’sThreeLawsofRobotics:Arobotmaynotinjureahumanbeingor,throughinaction,allowahumanbeingtocometoharm.Arobotmustobeyordersgivenitbyhumanbeingsexceptwheresuchorderswouldcon
6、flictwiththeFirstLaw.ArobotmustprotectitsownexistenceaslongassuchprotectiondoesnotconflictwiththeFirstorSecondLaw.7Ethicalconcerns:HumanbehaviorIsitmorallyjustifiedtocreateintelligentsystemswiththeseconstraints?Asasecondaryquestion,woulditbepossibletodoso?Shou
7、ldintelligentsystemshavefreewill?Canwepreventthemfromhavingfreewill??Willintelligentsystemshaveconsciousness?(StrongAI)Iftheydo,willitdrivetheminsanetobeconstrainedbyartificialethicsplacedonthembyhumans?Ifintelligentsystemsdeveloptheirownethicsandmorality,will
8、welikewhattheycomeupwith?DepartmentofDefense(DOD)PATHTOWARDAUTONOMYAPOTPOURRIOFMILITARYROBOTSManytaxonomieshavebeenusedforroboticair,ground,andwatervehicles:basedonsize,endurance,m
