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1、LET’STALKLOWVISIONSuleimanAlibhai,O.D.RetinaGroupofWashingtonKristaM.Davis,O.D.,F.A.A.O.ColumbiaLighthousefortheBlindEyeAnatomyDefinitionsLegalBlindnessBestcorrecteddistancevisualacuityof20/200orworseinbettereyeHorizontalvisualfieldof20degreesorlessatwidestpointinthebettereyeLowVisionWorsethan2

2、0/60inthebettereyeSignificantfieldlossImpairedfunctionGoalsofLowVisionManagementIncreasefunctionalityMakethemostoftheremainingvisionProvidelinktocommunityresourcesandsupportservicesEducationCommonConditionsMacularDegenerationGlaucomaDiabeticRetinopathyStroke/braininjuryRetinitispigmentosaOpticN

3、ervediseaseAlbinismNystagmusCorticalVisualImpairmentFunctionalEffectsofLowVisionLossofcentralvision(visualacuity)Lossofperipheralvision(visualfield)GlareandcontrastIssuesRelatedtoDecreasedAcuityDifficultyreadingProblemswriting/completingpaperworkInabilitytorecognizedistanceobjectsandfacesIssue

4、sRelatedtoVisualFieldLossLocationofscotomaimportant!GeneralizedlossofvisualfielddifficulttocompensateforMobilityandindependenttravelReadingmayrequireadaptationsIssuesRelatedtoContrastNeedforadditionallightingProblemswithglareIncreasedadjustmenttochangesinilluminationVisualdiscomfortandfatigueEx

5、amSequenceHistory/intakeVisualacuityVisualfieldtestingPupilsExtraocularmuscletestingRefractionColorvisionandContrastTestingOcularHealthTypesofAcuityChartsDistanceSnellen(projection)Feinbloom/SOSHETDRSLeaSymbolsNearSingleletterContinuoustextDistanceChartsNearChartsInterpretingNearAcuityThresholda

6、cuityDifferencebetweensingleletterandcontinuoustext1.0M=20/50=8-10pointfontNeedtolookatworkingdistanceJaegerchartsnonstandardTypicalsizesNewspaper=1.0MChildren’sbooks=1.2–1.6MLargeprint=1.6–2.0MNewspaperheadlines=4.0–5.0MVisualFieldTestingConfrontationArcperimeterVisionDiscAutomatedperimetryGold

7、mannperimetryColorandContrastTestsIshiharaColorVisionTestingMadeEasyD-15Pelli-RobsonVistechContrastSystemMr.HappyHidingHeidiColorVisionTestsContrastTestsMagnificationEnlargesimageonretinatostimulatemoreretinalcellsCanbeachie