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1、TemperamentAttitudestowardtemperamentFourtemperamenttypesHumortheoryoftemperamentContents234Thedefinitionoftemperament1ThedefinitionoftemperamentInthepsychologicalstudyofpersonality:anindividual'scharacteristicorhabitualinclinationormodeofemotionalresponse.Thenotionoftempera
2、mentinthissenseoriginatedwithGalen,whodevelopeditfromanearliertheory--HumorTheoryofTemperament(体液学说)HumorTheoryofTemperament(Hippocrates)theGreekdoctorHippocrates(460-370BC),whobelievedcertainhumanmoods,emotionsandbehaviorswerecausedbytheproportionsofthevariousbodyfluids(cal
3、led"humors"):blood,yellowbile,blackbile,andphlegm.Theythoughtthattherewerefourbasictemperaments—sanguine(cheerful),choleric(irritable),melancholic(gloomy),andphlegmatic(apathetic).FluidsBloodYellowbileBlackbilephlegmSanguineCholericMelancholicphlegmatictemperamentAndoneperso
4、n’stemperamentwasdeterminedbythepredominanceofblood,yellowbile,blackbile,andphlegmrespectivelyintheperson'sphysicalconstitution.SocialityHighflexibilityOptimismConfidenceSuperficialityInstabilityAbsenceofdeeppassionsThesanguinetemperamentTypicalpersonsThemelancholictemperame
5、ntisfundamentallyintrovertedandthoughtful.Oftenverykindandconsiderate,melancholicscanbehighlycreativeinpoetryandart,butalsocanbecomeoverlypre-occupiedwiththetragedyandcrueltyintheworld,thusbecomingdepressed.Oftentheyareperfectionists,beingveryparticularaboutwhattheywantandho
6、wtheywantitinsomecases.Thisoftenresultsinbeingunsatisfiedwithone'sownartisticorcreativeworksandalwayspointingouttothemselveswhatcouldandshouldbeimproved.Theyareoftenlonersandmosttimeschoosetostayalone.Becausetheytakeeverythingtoheartandareverysensitive,theyareingreatdangerof
7、weakeningtheirnerves.ThecholerictemperamentAkeenintellectAstrongwillStrongpassionsAnoftentimessubconsciousimpulsetodominateothersandmakethemsubservientMoodswings:angerPrideLackofsympathyManygreatcharismaticmilitaryandpoliticalfigureswerecholeric.Theyliketobeinchargeofeveryth
8、ing.AdolfHitlerThephlegmatictemperamentisfundamentallyrelaxedandquiet.While
