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1、ProbingNatureforAntibioticsIroshaNayanthikaNawarathneMichiganStateUniversity04/30/08health.howstuffworks.comStruggleforlivingdansaper.blogspot.com,www.photos-screensaver-maker.com,tecnocientista.info.com,www.creswell-crags.org.uk“Historyofhumankindcanberegardedfro
2、mamedicinalpointofviewasastruggleagainstinfectiousdiseases”Yoneyama,H.,Katsumata,R.,Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem.,2006,70,1060Survivalagainstinfectiousdiseasesdodd.cmcvellore.ac.in,www.ayurvedicmedicine4u.com,www.rootsweb.comWhatareantibiotics?Moleculesthatstopthemic
3、robialgrowth(bothbacteriaandfungi)orkillthemoutrightWalsh,C.,AntibioticsActionsoriginsandResistance,2003,4Howdotheantibioticsactagainstbacteria?Walsh,C.,AntibioticsActionsoriginsandResistance,2003,19www.jacksofscience.comCellWallBiosynthesisβ-lactams,Cyclosporins,
4、GlycopeptidesHowdotheantibioticsactagainstbacteria?Walsh,C.,AntibioticsActionsoriginsandResistance,2003,19www.istockphoto.comProteinBiosynthesisAminoglycosides,Macrolides,Tetracyclines,OxazolidinonesHowdotheantibioticsactagainstbacteria?Walsh,C.,AntibioticsActions
5、originsandResistance,2003,19publications.nigms.nih.gov,www.istockphoto.comDNABiosynthesisQuinolonesRNABiosynthesisRifampicinHowdotheantibioticsactagainstbacteria?Walsh,C.,AntibioticsActionsoriginsandResistance,2003,19www.istockphoto.comMetabolicpathwaysFolicAcidMe
6、tabolismTrimethoprim,SulfonamidesFattyAcidBiosynthesisTriclosan,Isoniazid,EthionamideWhydoweneedmoreantibiotics?-DevelopingantimicrobialresistanceBacterialspeciesCommontypesofAntimicrobialTypesofInfectionsResistanceStreptococcuspneumoniaeβ-lactams,cephalosporins,m
7、acrolidesOtitismedia,pneumonia,Tetracyclinessinusitis,meningitisStaphylococcusaureusCommunity-associatedMeticillin,cephalosporins,macrolidesSkin,softtissue,sepsispneumoniaHealthcare-associatedMeticillin,cephalosporins,quinolones,Endocarditis,pneumonia,aminoglycosi
8、des,macrolidessepsisEnterococcusspp.Ampicillin,vancomycin,aminoglycosidesSepsis,urinarytractFuruya,E.Y.,Lowy,F.D.,Nature,2006,4,36Whatshouldbetargeted?T
