lexicology terms

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1、Lexicology:ThetermlexicologycomesfromGreekmorphemes:“lexi”and“logos”;theformermeans“wordorphrase”,whilethelatter“adepartmentofknowledge”.Theliteralmeaningisthe“scienceoftheword”.Itisthestudyofthesignificationandapplicationofwords.(abranchoflinguisticsdealingwiththevocabularyofagivenlan

2、guage.)Awordmaybedefinedasoneofthefundamentalunitsofspeechandashavingaminimumfreeform.Itisaunityofsoundandmeaning,capableofperformingagivensyntacticalfunction.Vocabularyismostcommonlyusedtorefertothesumtotalofallthewordsofalanguage.Itcanalsorefertoallthewordsofagivendialect,agivenbook,

3、agivensubjectandallthewordspossessedbyanindividualpersonaswellasallthewordscurrentinaparticularperiodoftimeinhistory.Morpheme：Themorphemeisthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerformsAllomorph：Anallomorphisanyofthevariantformsofamorphemeascondi

4、tionedbypositionoradjoiningsounds.§Afreemorphemeisonethatcanbeutteredalonewithmeaning.Itcanexistonitsownwithoutaboundmorpheme.§Aboundmorphemecannotstandbyitselfasacompleteutterance;itmustappearwithatleastoneothermorpheme.Arootisthebasicunchangeablepartofawordwhichconveysthefundamentalm

5、eaningoftheword.(Affixisacollectivetermforthetypeofformativethatcanbeusedonlywhenaddedtoanthermorpheme.Ahybridisawordmadeupofelementsfromtwoormoredifferentlanguages.Arootisthatpartofaword-formthatremainswhenalltheinflectionalandderivationalaffixeshavebeenremoved.(itconveysthemainlexica

6、lmeaning)Astemisthepartoftheword-formwhichremainswhenallinflectionalaffixeshavebeenremoved.Abaseistheformtowhichaffixesofanykindcanbeadded.Suffixationistheformationofanewwordbyaddingasuffixoracombiningformtothebase,andusuallychangingtheword-classofthebase.Acombiningformisaboundmorpheme

7、,suchasauto-(fr.Gkautosself),hydro(fr.Gkhydorwater),ortele(fr.Telefaroff),butwhicharenowoccursonlyinderivatives.1.Derivationoraffixationisamethodofword-formationbywhichnewwordsarecreatedbyaddingaffixes(prefixorsuffixorboth)orcombiningformtothebase.Prefixationistheformationofnewwordsb