七年制医学课件 耳鼻喉 6气管支气管异物

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1、Foreignbodiesinthetracheaandbronchi气管、支气管异物1、Preface(概论）(1)Oneofthethreeemergentdiseases（三大急重症之一）(2)Oftenhappenedinchildren:90%（小儿多见）(3)Oftenhappenedintherightbronchus（右侧支气管多见）气管、支气管示意图2、Etiology（病因学）(1)ill-developmentoftheteethinchildren（小儿牙齿发育不全）(2)ill-developmentoft

2、heprotectivefunctioninthethroat喉部保护功能不健全）(3)thestateofcomaorgeneralaneasthesia（昏迷或全身麻醉）(4)medicalincidents(医源性因素)Foreignbody,rightbronchusForeignbody,metaltoy,leftbronchusForeignbody,rightbronchusForeignbody,leftmainbronchusForeignbody,leftbronchus3、Pathology(1)Vegetab

3、lebronchitis（植物性支气管炎）(2)Incompleteobstruction（不完全阻塞）-----Pulmonaryemphysema（肺气肿）(3)Completeobstruction(完全阻塞)-----Obstructiveatelectasis(阻塞性肺不张)4、ClinicalAppearance（临床表现）(1)异物进入期Spamodicchockingandcoughingoftenwithcyanosis(阵发性呛咳、咳嗽伴窒息)(2)无症状间歇期Symptomlessinterval(3)刺激或炎

4、症期Inflamationandobstruction（4）并发症期complications炎症---脓胸、脓肿5、Diagnosis（诊断）(1)Historyofinhaledforeignbodies（误吸异物史）(2)Examination（检查）A、PE(physicalexamination)（体格检查）B、X-ray:Pneumonia(肺炎)Atelectusis(肺不张)Emphysema(肺气肿)---------mediastinumshift(纵隔摆动)C、Bronchoscopy(支气管镜检查)Themo

5、stdependentablewaytodiagnosis6、Management（处理）Removaloftheforeignbodyassoonaspossible（尽快取出异物）