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ID:19867351
大小:2.13 MB
页数:37页
时间:2018-10-07
《干眼症_ppt课件》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、干眼症常见症状干涩痒烧灼感异物感刺痛感阵发性视物模糊(晨起)迎风流泪双眼、慢性工作一天以后或长期看书看电脑后加重怀疑干眼症!干眼定义干眼是由于泪液的量或质或流体动力学异常引起的泪膜不稳定和(或)眼表损害,从而导致眼不适症状及视功能障碍的一类疾病。我国临床出现的各种名称(如干眼症、干眼病及干眼综合征等)均统一称为干眼。角膜泪膜脂质层粘蛋白层水液层asuperficialoilylayer表面脂质层:meibomianglands睑板腺amiddleaqueouslayer中间水液层:mainandaccesso
2、rylacrimalglands主副泪腺adeepmucinlayer深层粘蛋白层:conjunctivalgobletcells结膜杯状细胞角膜泪膜Inadditiontolubricatingthesurfaceofthecorneaandconjunctiva,tearsproduceasmoothopticalsurface,provideoxygenandothernutrients,andcontainimmunoglobulins,lysozyme,andlactoferrin.Aberrati
3、onsinthetearfilmresultfromavarietyofdiseases(eg,dryeye)泪膜除了对角膜表面起润滑作用外,还使得角膜更加光滑,为角膜供氧及营养物质,还含有免疫球蛋白,溶菌酶,乳铁蛋白。各种各样的泪膜疾病,比如干眼症,会引起相差而使视觉质量下降。Thelacrimalglandsaresmallanddonotfunctionfullyuntilapproximately6weeksafterbirth.Thisexplainswhynewborninfantsdonotpr
4、oducetearswhencrying.大约出生后6周前泪腺小而无功能,新生儿哭而无泪!Theductsfromtheorbitalportionrunthroughandjointheductsofthepalpebrallobe.Therefore,removalofordamagetothepalpebralportionoftheglandcanseriouslyreducesecretionfromtheentiregland.Thisisthereasonthatbiopsyofthelacri
5、malglandisgenerallyperformedontheorbitallobe.泪腺的眶部导管穿过并加入到眼睑部导管开口于上睑穹隆部。眼睑部泪腺的损伤会严重降低泪液分泌,因此泪腺活检一般取自眶部泪腺。Aqueouslacrimalsecretionhastraditionallybeendividedintobasallow-levelsecretionandreflexsecretion.Previously,itwasarguedthattheaccessoryglandsprovidedbas
6、altearsecretionandthelacrimalglandwasresponsibleforreflextearing.However,recentevidencesuggeststhatalltearingmaybereflex.Thetearfilmcompositionisasfollows:•Gobletcellswithintheconjunctivaprovidetheinnerlayerofthetearfilmbysecretingmucin,whichallowsforevendi
7、stributionofthetearfilmovertheocularsurface.•Themainandaccessorylacrimalglandsecretionsformtheintermediateaqueouslayerofthetearfilm.•Meibomianglandsproducetheoilyouterlayerofthetearfilm,whichreducestheevaporationoftheunderlyingaqueouslayer.泪液的分泌,传统分为基础的低水平分
8、泌和反射性分泌,以往认为主泪腺负责反射性分泌(流泪),副泪腺负责基础泪液分泌(泪膜)。但是现在的观点认为,所有的泪液分泌都是神经反射性的。结膜杯状细胞分泌的粘蛋白组成了泪膜内层,负责泪膜在角膜表面均匀展开主泪腺和副泪腺共同分泌中间的水液层睑板腺分泌的脂质层位于泪膜最外层,防止其下水液层的增发我国的发病率约在21%~30%危险因素老龄女性高海拔糖尿病翼状胬肉空气污染眼药水滥用使用视屏终端角膜屈光手术过
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