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1、LandscapeGardensJapaneseGardens姓名2013.3.13BriefIntroductionJapanesegardensaretraditionalgardensthatcreateminiatureidealizedlandscapes,ofteninahighlyabstractandstylizedway.ThegardensoftheEmperorsandnoblesweredesignedforrecreationandaestheticpleasure,whilethegardensofBuddhistt
2、emplesweredesignedforcontemplationandmeditation.TheyweredevelopedundertheinfluencesofChinesegardens,butgraduallyJapanesegardendesignersbegantodeveloptheirownaesthetics,basedonJapanesematerialsandJapaneseculture.CharacteristicsItissaidthattheJapanesegenerate“thebestofnature‘s
3、handiworkinalimitedspace.”Somebasiccharacteristicsandprinciplesare:Miniaturization微型.TheJapanesegardenisaminiatureandidealizedviewofnature.Rockscanrepresentmountains,andpondscanrepresentseas.Concealment隐趣.Featuresarehiddenbehindhills,trees,grovesorbamboo,wallsorstructures,to
4、bediscoveredwhenthevisitorfollowsthewindingpath.“Borrowed”Scenery借景.Smallergardensareoftendesignedtoincorporatetheviewoffeaturesoutsidethegardenaspartoftheview,whichmakesthegardenseemlargerthanitreallyis.Asymmetry不对称.Japanesegardensarenotlaidonstraightaxes,orwithasinglefeatu
5、redominatingtheview.DesignElementsWaterRockandsandGardenarchitecturesGardenbridgesStonelanternsandwaterbasinsGardenfences,gates,anddevicesPlantsStylesAlongwiththedevelopmentofhistory,Japanesegardenshaveformedseveraldifferentstylesandtypes.DryRockGardens（karesansui枯山水）PondGar
6、dens（Chisen-shoyū-teien池泉园）TheParadiseGardens（净土庭院）TeaGardens（roji茶庭）PromenadeGardens（kaiyū-shiki-teien漫步花园）CourtyardGardens（tsubo-niwa）Hermitagegardens（隐士园林）Styles——DryRockGardens（karesansui）DryRockGardensorZenGardensoftenhavewhitesandorrakedgravelinplaceofwater,carefullyar
7、rangedrocks,andsometimesrocksandsandcoveredwithmoss.Theirpurposeistofacilitatemeditation,andtheyaremeanttobeviewedwhileseatedontheporchoftheresidence.Ryōan-jiTemple京都龙安寺MeditationStyles——PondGardens（池泉园）Thesegardenshadlargelakeswithsmallislands,wheremusiciansplayedduringfest
8、ivalsandceremoniesworshipperscouldlookacrossthewaterattheBuddha.Heian-jingū
