脑出血intracerebral hemorrhage（ppt53）课件

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1、脑出血IntracerebralhemorrhageDepartmentofNeurology,The2ndaffiliatedhospital,HarbinMedicalUniversityConceptionItmeansprimaryandnontraumaticintracerebralhemorrhage.Countfor20%~30%instrokeHypertensionisthemostcommonunderlyingcauseofnontraumaticintracerebralhemorrhage.EtiologyHalfofthepatientssuf

2、ferfromhypertensioncombinedwitharteriolaratherosclerosis,itisthemostcommoncauseofthedisease.Others：cerebralatherosclerosis,hematopathy,cerebralamyloidangiopathyCAA,aneurysm,AVMPathophysiology高血压——小动脉：纤维素样坏死fibrinoidnecrosis、脂质透明变性hyalinefattychange、microaneurysm小动脉瘤、微夹层动脉瘤——渗出exudation、破裂r

3、upture高血压——远端血管痉挛vasospasm——缺氧anoxia、坏死angio-necrosis、血栓形成thrombosis——斑点状出血、脑水肿brainedema——融合成片(子痫)Pathophysiology脑内动脉：壁薄、中层肌细胞及外膜结缔组织少、缺乏外弹力层——随年龄增长弯曲呈螺旋状——出血主要部位：深穿支penetratingarteries豆纹动脉lenticulostriateartery：大脑中动脉呈直角分出，易发生粟粒状动脉瘤，为脑出血最好发部位，其外侧支称为出血动脉bleedingarteryPathophysiology一次出血常在3

4、0min内停止头CT动态观察：20%-40%患者24小时内血肿仍继续扩大，为活动性出血activehemorrhage或早期再出血earlyrebleeding多发性脑出血常继发于：hematopathy,cerebralamyloidangiopathy,neoplasm,vasculitisPathologyHypertensiveICH：基底节的内囊区intercapsule、壳核putamen占70%，脑叶lobe、脑干brainstem、小脑齿状核区各占10%LocationofICH：壳核（内囊、侧脑室），丘脑thalamus（第三脑室、内囊、侧脑室），脑桥po

5、ns、小脑cerebellum、蛛网膜下腔subarachnoidspace、第四脑室forthventriclePathologyHypertensiveICH：cerebralpenetratingarterymiliaryaneurysmNonHypertensiveICH：occurinsubcorticalwhitematterwithoutarteriosclerosisPathologySwellingandcongestionofhemisphere出血灶：充满血液的空腔，周围是坏死脑组织及淤点状出血性软化带、脑水肿血块溶解——吞噬细胞清除含铁血黄素和坏死脑

6、组织——胶质增生（胶质瘢痕或中风囊）Clinicalfeaturesage：50~70yearsoldsex：moremalepatientsseason：winterorspringpasthistory：hypertensioninducement：activity、excitementonset：acuteonsetClinicalfeaturesHypertensivehemorrhageoccurswithoutwarning,mostcommonlywhilethepatientisawake.Headacheispresentin50%ofpatientsan

7、dmaybesevere,vomitingiscommon.Bloodpressureiselevatedafterthehemorrhagehasoccurred.Thus,normalorlowbloodpressureinapatientwithstrokemakesthediagnosisofhypertensivehemorrhageunlikely,asdoesonsetbefore50yearsofage.ClinicalfeaturesbasalganglionhemorrhageThetwomo