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1、AguidetoworkingwithSilicaEnvironmentalHealth,SafetyandRiskManagementUniversityofAlaskaFairbanksDecember20101OverviewSilica:crystallinevs.amorphousPartI:CrystallineSilicaHealthHazardsExposureLimitsExposureMonitoringWaystoReduceExposureOnlineResources2Overview(cont.)PartII:Amorpho
2、usSilicaExamplesExposureLimitsSyntheticVitreousFibersHealthHazardsExposureLimitsEngineeringControlsInternetResources3SilicaSilica(SiO2,silicondioxide)isoneofthemostcommonmineralsintheearth’scrustandisamajorcomponentofsand,rockandmineraloresSilicaisusedinthemanufacturingofavariet
3、yofproductsfromkittylittertofiberopticcablestocosmeticsandfoodadditives4Silica(cont.)Silicaoccursasbothcrystalline(structured)andnon-crystalline(amorphous)forms.5Diagramsource:http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/silica/silicosis/silicosis.htmlPartI:CrystallineSilica6Silica:Crystalli
4、neHasadiagnosticX-raydiffraction*pattern*analyticaltechniquewhichrevealsinformationaboutthecrystallographicstructure,chemicalcomposition,andphysicalpropertiesofmaterialsMostcommontypes(formedunderdifferentpressuresandtemperatures)Quartz(alpha&beta)CristobaliteTridymite7Silica,Cr
5、ystalline, HealthHazards, SilicosisSilicosisisadisabling,nonreversibleandsometimesfatallungdiseasecausedbyoverexposuretorespirable*dustcontainingcrystallinesilica*respirablemeansdepositedinthegas-exchangeregionordeepestpartofthelungsOverexposuretodustthatcontainsrespirablecrysta
6、llinesilicacancausescartissuetoforminthelungs,whichreducesthelungs’abilitytoextractoxygenfromtheair8Silicosis(cont.)Inhalationofcrystallinesilicaparticleshasbeenassociatedwithotherdiseases,suchasbronchitis,emphysema,andtuberculosisSomestudiesalsoindicateanassociationwithlungcanc
7、er,immunologicdisorders,autoimmunediseases,renaldiseaseandstomachandothercancers9Silicosis(cont.)Thereare3typesofsilicosis:CHRONICsilicosis,whichusuallyoccursafter10ormoreyearsofexposureatrelativelylowconcentrations.ThisisthemostcommonformofsilicosisACCELERATEDsilicosis,whichdev
8、elops5to10yearsafterthefirstexposureACUTEsilico
