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1、CancerGeneticsandGenomicsZHANGXian-Ning,PhDE-mail:zhangxianning@zju.edu.cnTel：13105819271;88208367Office:A713,ReseachBuilding2008/10CancerAftermorethanthreedecades,the"WaronCancer,"declaredbyPresidentNixonin1971withtheenactmentoftheNationalCancerAct,isstillgoing
2、oninthiscountry.TheQuestionis:"Arewewinningthewar?"WeFoughtCancer…AndCancerWon. Afterbillionsspentonresearchanddecadesofhit-or-misstreatments,it'stimetorethinkthewaroncancer.…In2008,cancerwilltakethelivesofabout230,000moreAmericans—69percentmore—thanitdidin1971…
3、Fourdecadesintothewaroncancer,conquestisnotonthehorizon.AsasomberstatementontheNCIWebsitesays,"thebiologyofthemorethan100typesofcancershasprovenfarmorecomplexthanimaginedatthattime."Oncologistsresorttoagallows-humorexplanation:"Onetumor,"saysOtisBrawleyoftheACS,
4、"issmarterthan100brilliantcancerscientists."----FromNewsweekSep.15,2008http://cgap.nci.nih.gov/UsefulinternetMGHCancerCenter:http://www.cancer.mgh.harvard.edu/Links.htmNationalCancerInstituteInformation:http://cancer.gov/cancerinformationRudimentsofoncology“Canc
5、er”isacollectionofdisordersthatsharethecommonfeatureofuncontrolledcelldeath.Cancerisadiseaseofgenesgoneawry.Genesthatcontroltheorderlyreplicationofcellsbecomedamaged,allowingthecelltoreproducewithoutrestraintandeventuallytospreadintoneighboringtissuesandsetupgro
6、wthsthroughoutthebody.►Allcancerisgeneticjustasmallportionofcancerisinherited►CancerusuallyarisesinasinglecellThelocationandtypeofthatcellisthesiteoftheprimarycancer.Proto-oncogene:aclassofnormalcellularprotein-codinggenesthatpromotegrowthandsurvivalofcells.Gate
7、keeperTSGscontrolcellgrowth.CaretakerTSGsprotecttheintegrityofthegenome.microRNAs(miRNAs)ThecatalogueofgenesinvolvedincanceralsoincludesgenesthataretranscribedintononcodingRNAsfromwhichregulatorymicroRNAs(miRNAs)aregenerated.Thereareatleast250miRNAsinthehumangen
8、omethatcarryoutRNA-mediatedinhibitionoftheexpressionoftheirtargetprotein-codinggenes,eitherbyinducingthedegradationoftheirtargets’mRNAsorbyblockingtheirtranslation.Ap
