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1、英语语音及拼读规则48个音素1.20个元音（vowels） 单元音前元音[i:][i][e][æ]中元音[ə:][ə][ʌ]后元音[a:][ɔ][ɔ:][u][u:]双元音开合双元音[ei][ai][ɔi][əu][au]集中双元音[iə][εə][uə]2.28个辅音（consonants）爆破音清辅音[p][t][k]浊辅音[b][d][g]摩擦音清辅音[f][s][ʃ][θ][h]浊辅音[v][z][ʒ][ð][r]破擦音清辅音[tʃ][tr][ts]浊辅音[dʒ][dr][dz]鼻音（浊辅
2、音）[m][n][ŋ]舌侧音（浊辅音）[l]半元音（浊辅音）[w][j]3.元音字母在开音节与闭音节中的发音：1)开音节A)相对开音节：1个元音字母+1个辅音字母（r除外）+不发音的e结尾game,nice,make,these,homeB)绝对开音节：1个辅音字母+1个发音元音字母结尾的重读音节gobemebycryshehestudent,baby2）闭音节一个元音字母+一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）结尾的重读音节称为闭音节。例：map,desk,islittle字母开音节例词闭音节例词a[ei
3、]nameplane[æ]bagbacke[i:]weshe[e]penbeddeski(y)[ai]bikeknifeskyfly[i]isitbigo[əu]nohome[ɔ]boxbossnotu[ju:][u:]useruler[ʌ]busnutbut3）元音字母在开、闭音节中的发音元音字母在单词中的特殊发音1.a在[w]音后面[ɔ]wantwhatwatchwashquality但water [ˈwɔ:tə]（英）2.a在fnskphspssstth前[a:]afterplantgra
4、phaskgraspglassfastfather3.i在-nd-ld和gh前[ai]findchildlighthigh4.o在-st-ld前[əu]mostpostcardoldcold5.o在mnvth前[ʌ]comemonkeylovemother4.元音字母在非重读音节中的发音元音字母在非重读音节中一般发/i/或/ə/如：a在非重读音节中的发音：/ə/about,breakfast,camera；/i/orange,language；不发音：festivale在非重读音节中的发音：/ə/
5、camera,children,comedy；/i/because,basketball,chicken；/i:/:maybe(注:e在maybe中也可发短音/i/.)；不发音：every,interestingi(y)在非重读音节中是发这三种音：/ə/activity,April；/i/difficult,English；/ai/:exercise,idealo在非重读音节中的发音略有变化：/ə/carrot,computer,introduce，history；/əu/hotel,Novemb
6、er,photou在非重读音节中有四种发音/ə/August,chorus/ju/documentary,singular/u/或/u:/:July；/i/:minute5.元音字母与元音字母组合发音规则ai/ei/aidaimafraidexplainwaitwaiterpaidcampaignraingrainremainchaingaintraintailrailrailwaylaidSpaintrainingraincoatfailwaitressdailypainmainlymainsa
7、ile-mailpaintstraightcomplain/i/bargaincaptainmountain/e/againstagainsaid不发音certaincurtaincertainlyau/ɔ:/autumnAugustauthorastronautpausecausefaultlaunchcaught/ɒ/AustraliaAustriabecause/ɑ:/auntlaughlaughter/ə/restaurantay/eɪ/daybreakmaybeplaygroundsom
8、edaybirthdaydaytodayweekdaypayrepaypraywayhighwayawaysayessaymaystaylayplaydelay/ɪ/MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaySundayea/i:/easyeateasteacheagereasebestcheapcleanleafmeandreamcreatureseatea/e/breadbreakfastbreathheadreadytreasur
