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1、I.Blankfilling1.WhatisRhetoric?Rhetoricreferstotheartofexpressivespeechordiscourse,includingthestudyofprinciplesandrulesofcomposition,ortheartandpracticeofwritingorspeakingasmeansofcommunicationwithpersuasiveormovingpower.2.OriginofModernRhetoricRhetoricoriginatedinspeaking.Aristotle,inthe4thc
2、enturyBC.firstdefinedrhetoricastheartofpersuasion,equivalenttoargumentationaspeopleunderstandtoday.InAthens,thecenterofWesterncivilization,greatorators,byexercisingtheirrhetoric,gainedfollowingandsupport,andeventually,politicalpower.JohnLocke,Englishphilosopherofthelate17thcentury,describedrhe
3、toricas“thescienceasoratory”,or“theartofspeakingwithproprietyelegance,andforce”.Alltheseexplainswhytheword“rhetoric”means“speaking”insuchEuropeanlanguagesasGreek,Latin,French,SpanishandItalianAtpresent,however,withthequickenedtempooflife,theincreasedstressonefficiency,andtheascendanceoftheidea
4、thatlanguagesaremeansofcommunication,moreandmorepeoplehavecometoregardrhetoricastheartofeffectivecommunication.Furthermore,rhetorictendstobeconnectedmorewithwritingthanwithspeech,andmorewithprosewritingthanwithverse.3.ContentsofModernRhetoric1)StylisticsandRhetoricGenerallyspeaking,therearetwo
5、rhetoricaltrendsincontemporarywesternculture.Oneisstylistics,andtheotherisrhetoric.①StylisticsStylisticsisassociatedwithtwoaspectsofwriting:First,thevariousregisters,e.g,scientificandtechnicalwriting,businesswritingandjournalism.Second,thestylisticvariants----literarylanguageandstyle,including
6、personalstyle,andstylesofdifferenttimesandschools②RhetoricRhetoricischieflyconcernedwithtechniquesofhowtoinfluencetheaudience,thefunctionsandeffectsofdifferentlanguagesymbolsincommunicationactivities,measurestopromotemutualunderstandingandtoaffecttheemotionsoftheaudience,skillstohandlepersuasi
7、onandarguments.2)CommunicativeRhetoricandAestheticRhetoricSpecificallyspeaking,rhetoricconsistsoftwobasicaspects:communicativerhetoricandaestheticrhetoric.①CommunicativeRhetoricCommunicativerhetoricemphasizesthechoicesofwordsandphrases,
