2013年职称英语考试综合类新增文章

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www.123zcyy.com电话：400-618-2500阅读下面的短攵。每篇短文后面都有7句话，请根据短文的内容判断这些话是正确、错误，还是在短文中没有提到。第一篇TakingPicturesoftheWorldMeetAnnieGriffithsBelt,aNationalGeographicphotographer.BelthasworkedforNationalGeographicsince1978,andhastakenpicturesonalmosteverycontinentintheworld.Infact,AntarcticaistheonlycontinentBelthasn'tseenyet.Belt'sphotographsarewellknownfortheirbeautyandhighquality.Theyalsoreflectverydifferentculturesandregionsoftheworld.BelthasphotographedtheancientcityofPetra,Jordan,aswellasthegreenlandscapesoftheLakeDistrictinEngland.Recently,herpicturesappearedinabookaboutundevelopednaturalplacesinNorthAmerica.EverywherethatBeltgoes,shetakespicturesofpeople.Belthasfoundwaystoconnectwithpeopleofallagesandnationalitiesevenwhenshedoesnotspeaktheirlanguage."Thegreatestprivilegeofmyjobisbeingallowedintopeople'slives,"shehassaid."Thecameraislikeapassport,andIamoftenoverwhelmedbyhowquicklypeoplewelcomeme!"KnowinghowtobreaktheicehashelpedtomakeBeltasuccessfulphotographer,butexpertssaythatanyonecanlearntoconnectwithnewpeople.Whenpeoplespeakthesamelanguage,greetingandsmalltalkcanmakestrangersfeelmorecomfortablewitheachother.Whenpeopledon'tspeakthesamelanguage,asmileisveryhelpful.Havingsomethingincommoncanalsohelpbreaktheice.Forexample,Belthastraveledwithhertwochildren,sowhenshetakespicturesofchildrenortheirparents,theyallhavethatfamilyconnectionincommon.Evenbadweathercanhelppeopletoconnectwhentheyareexperiencingittogether.Belthassomeadviceifyouarethinkingaboutacareerinphotography.Youcanvolunteertotakepicturesforalocalorganizationthatcan'taffordtohireaprofessionalphotographer.Youcanalsotakeagood,honestlookatyourbestphotographs.Ifyou'rearealphotographer,yourphotosaregoodbecauseofyourpersonalandtechnicalskills.Beltalsorecommendsstudyingandlearningfromphotostakenbyprofessionalphotographers.Remember,thenexttimeyoulookasabeautifulphotograph,youmightbelookingattheworkofAnnieGriffithsBelt.Andthenexttimeyoumeetanewperson,don'tbeafraidtobreaktheice.theconnectionyoumakecouldbeveryrewarding.词汇：landscapen.风景，风景画rewardingadj.值得的，有益的，有privilegen.特权，优惠报酬的nationalityn.国籍，民族thinkabout考虑overwhelmvt.征服；使受不了使不知所措注释：1.Iamoftenoverwhelmedby…我常常被……搞得不知所措。2.Havingsomethingincommoncanalsohelpbreaktheice.彼此的共同点也有助于打开话题。练习：1.BelthasnevertraveledtoEngland. www.123zcyy.com电话：400-618-2500A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned2.BelthasnevertraveledtoAntarctica.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned3.Belthasworkedforanumberofmagazines.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned4.PetraisaveryoldcityinJordan.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned5.BeltcanonlyconnectwithEnglish-speakers.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned6.Peoplecanconnectwitheachotherinbadweather.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned7.Volunteeringisonewaytobeginaphotographycareer.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案与题解：1.B在第二段第三行，作者提到贝尔特曾经为英格兰湖区的美景拍过照片.那她自然就去过英格兰。因此，这一题题干的表述(贝尔特从没去过英格兰)明显是错误的。2.A第一段第三行说到南极洲是贝尔特唯一没亲眼见过的大洲，那么她必然没去过南极洲。所以这一题题干的表述（贝尔特从没去过南极洲)是正确的。3.C第一段第一行提到贝尔特从1978年就开始为《国家地理》杂志工作，但是并无其他信息，所以我们无从得知在1978年之前.贝尔特是否还为其他杂志工作过。所以我们既没法说贝尔特只为《国家地理》一家杂志工作过，也没法说贝尔特在很多家杂志工作过。因而，我们无法在文中找到这一题题干所表述的信息(贝尔特在很多家杂志工作过)，答案只能是C。4.A在第二段第二行，作者提到贝尔特曾经在约旦的古城佩特拉进行过拍摄，这迎合题干的表述(佩特拉是一座古老的约旦城市)。所以答案为A。5.B在第三段第一行第二句话，作者提到：在语言不通的情况下，贝尔特找到了和不同年龄、不同民族的人沟通的方法。而魍千中的表述(贝尔特只能和会说英语的人沟通)和文中的信息完全不符，所以答案为B。6.A在第四段第七行，作者提到：一起体验坏天气可以帮助人们增进相互间的交流。这和题干的表述（人们在坏天气下可以相互沟通)基本一致.所以答案为A。7.A第五段第一行提到贝尔特为希望从事摄影行业的人提供了一些建议：当个志愿者为没钱请专业摄影师的地方机构拍摄照片。这和题干的表述(做一名志愿者是开始摄影生涯的一种方式）基本吻合，所以答案为A。第十二篇StartingaNewTraditionShantelleDavisisanine-year-oldgir1inNewYork.OnacoldnightinDecember,herfamilyisstandingaroundthekitchentablewhileshelightsacandle.ThetableisdecoratedwithbasketsoffruitsandvegetablesandearsofcornforShantelleandhertwobrothers."Thiscandlerepresentsumoja,anAfricanwordthatmeansbeingtogether,"Shantellesays."That'sthemostimportantthingforafamily." www.123zcyy.com电话：400-618-2500TonightisthefirstnightofKwanzaa,andShantelleisspendingmeholidaywithherfamily.Morethan5millionAfricanAmericanscelebrateKwanzaaeveryyearfromDecember26untilJanuary1.ItsatimewhentheygettogetherwiththeirfamiliestothinkabouttheirhistoryandtheirancestorsinAfrica.Kwanzaaisveryunusualbecauseitwasstartedbyoneman.In1966,anAmericannamedMaulanaKarengawantedaholidayforAfrican-Americanstohonortheycultureandtraditions.SoheusedwordsandcustomsfromAfricatocreateanewcelebration.HetookthenameKwanzaafromthewordsfor"firstfruits"inSwahili,anAfricanlanguage.Atfirst,afewAmericanfamilieshadsmallcelebrationsathome.NowtherearealsoKwanzaaeventsinschoolsandpublicplaces,andKwanzaahasspreadtoothercountrieslikeCanadaandJamaica.ThemainsymbolofKwanzaaisacandleholderwithsevencandles,oneforeachoftheprinciplesofKwanzaa.Eachnight,afamilymemberlightsoneofthecandlesandtalksabouttheideaitrepresents:beingtogether,beingyourself,helpingeachother,sharing,havingagoal,creating,andbelieving.Thecandlesarered,black,andgreen,thecolorsofKwanzaa.Theparentsalsopourdrinkstohonorfamilymemberswhohavedied,OnthelastnightofKwanzaa,thereisabigdinnerwithAfricanfood,andchildrenreceivesmallpresents.TodaypeoplecanbuyKwanzaagreetingcardsandspecialKwanzaaclothes.StoressellKwanzaacandlesandcandleholders.Somepeopledon'tbelievethatKwanzaaisarealholiday,becauseit'ssonew.ButotherpeoplesaythatcustomsandcelebrationsarealwayschangingandthatKwanzaashowswhatisimportantinpeople'slives.ShantelleDavissaysshelikesKwanzaabecauseit'sfun."ButIalsolearnnewthingseveryyear，’shesays.词汇：ancestorn.祖宗，祖先bedecoratedwith由……所装饰honorvt.尊敬，使荣幸；n.荣誉，尊敬earsofcorn玉米穗candleholdern.烛台注释：1.It'satimewhentheygettogetherwiththefamiliestothinkabouttheirhistoryandtheirancestorsinAfrica.这段时间里他们和家人待在一起缅怀他们的历史和非洲的祖先。2.…showswhatisimportantinpeople'slives……展现了人们生活中重要的东西。练习：1.Kwanzaaiscelebratedattheendoftheyear.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned2.KwanzaaisaholidayforAfrican-Americans.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned www.123zcyy.com电话：400-618-25003.Kwanzaaisaveryoldholiday.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned4.PeopleinAfricacelebrateKwanzaa.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned5.PeoplespeedalotoftimewiththeirfamiliesduringKwanzaa.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned6.ChildrenreceivepresentsattheendofKwanzaa.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned7.EveryonethinksKwanzaaisanimportantholiday.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned答案与题解：1.A第三段第二行我们可以发现：超过500万的非洲裔美国人每年从12月26日到1月1日庆祝宽扎节。所以题干的表述（人们在年底庆祝宽扎节)县正确的，答案为A。2.A从第四段前四行所述的内容中我们可以发现：为了向自己的文化和传统致敬，1966年美国人马拉那·卡林加为非洲裔姜国人创立了宽扎节。因此，题干的表述(宽扎节是为非洲裔美国人创立的节日)是正确的，答案为A。3.B在第二题中我们知道宽扎节创立于1966年，并且文中第六段第七行也提到：一些人认为宽扎节的历史并不久远。所以，从以上两点我们可以得出结论：题干的表述(宽扎节的历史非常悠久)是错误的，答案为B。4.C从整篇文章中我们知道宽扎节最初是为非洲裔美国人创立的，之后宽扎节的传统又流传到诸如加拿大、牙买加等其他国家(这一信息可以从第四段最后一行得到)。但是文中并未提及非洲人民是否也庆祝宽扎节，因此这一题的题干信息(非洲人民庆祝宽扎节)并没在文中给出，答案为C。5.A在第三段最后两行中，作者提到：这段时间里非洲裔美国人和家人待在一起缅怀历史和非洲的祖先。所以题干中的表述（宽扎节期间人民花很多时间和家人待在一起)是正确的。答案为A。6.A在第五段最后两行中，作者提到：在宽扎节的最后一夜会有一顿非洲风味的大餐，并且孩子们会收到小礼物。所以.题干的表述(孩子们在宽扎节即将结束时收到礼物)是正确的，答案为A。7.B在第六段第二行末尾，作者提到：由于宽扎节的历史并不久远，一些人认为它并不是一十真正的节日。从这里我们可以看出题干的表述(每个人都认为宽扎节是一个重要的节日)不正确，故答案为B。阅读理解第三篇：Sharkattack!CraigRogerswassittingonhissurfboard,scanningthedistanceforhisnextwave,whenhisboardsuddenlystoppedmoving.helookeddownandwasterrifiedtoseeagreatwhitesharkbitingthefrontofhisboard.”Icouldhavetoucheditseyewithmyelbow,”saysCraig.Thesharkhadsurfacedsoquietlythathehadn’theardathing.Inhishorrorandconfusion,hewavedhisarmsandaccidentallycuttowofhisfingersontheshark’steeth.Hethenslidofftheoppositesideofhissurfboardintothewater.Then,withCraiginthewaterandbloodflowingfromhisfingers,thefive-meter-longsharksimplyswamaway,disappearingintothewaterbelow.Althoughsharksareoftencategorizedaskillersthathuntandeatasmanyhumansasthencan,this www.123zcyy.com电话：400-618-2500isfactuallyinaccurate.Sharksveryrarelykillhumans,Apersonhasagreaterchanceofbeingstruckbylightningordrowninginabaththanofbeingkilledbyashark.Only74peoplehavebeenreportedkilledbygreatwhitesinthelastcentury.Butgreatwhitesharkscanreachsixmetersinlengthandweigh2200kilogramsormore.Withfrighteningjawsthatcanholdupto3000teetharrangedinseveralrows,theycouldveryeasilykillandeatahelplesshumaninthewater.Whyisit,then,thatmostpeoplesurviveattacksbygreatwhites?Sharkresearchersaretryingtocomprehendthereasonsthatallowpeopletoescapewithoutbeingeaten.Themostcommonexplanationisthatgreatwhitesdon’tseewell.Ithasbeenthoughtthattheymistakepeopleforthesealsorsealionswhichmakeupalargepartoftheirdiet.Thereisreasontodoubtthis,however.Recentinformationshowsthatgreatwhitescanactuallyseeverywell.Also,whenattackingseals,greatwhitesshootuptothesurfaceandbitewithgreatforce.Whenapproachinghumans,however,theymostoftenmoveinslowlyandbitelesshard.Theysoondiscoverthathumansarenotahigh-fatmeal.”Theyspitusoutbecausewe’retoobony,”saysAidanMartin,directorofReefQuestCenterforSharkResearch.SharkresearcherslikeMartinhypothesizethatgreatwhitesareactuallycuriousanimalsthatliketoinvestigatethings.It’spossiblethattheyusetheirbitenotonlytokillandeat,butalsotogatherinformation,AlthoughsuchanexperienceisunluckyforpeoplelikeCraigRogers,whensharksbitesurfboardsorotherobjectsorpeople,theyarelikelyjusttryingtolearnwhattheyare.词汇：scanvt.审视，细看，浏览sealn.海豹elbown.肘，肘部reefn.礁，暗礁surfacen.表面外表，vi.浮出水面questn.搜索，寻求，追求drownvi.淹死，溺死练习：1.AfterCraigRogersfellintothewater,thesharkA)bithissurfboardB)bithisfingersC)swamawayD)attackedhim2.ItisdifficultfortheauthortounderstandwhygreatwhitesA)oftenlethumansescapeB)killhumansC)havesomanyteethD)growtosixmetersormore3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtomakeupinline2ofparagraph4?A)create.B)are.C)increase.D)dependupon. www.123zcyy.com电话：400-618-25004.Thewordtheirinline2ofparagraph4meansA)people'sB)greatwhites'C)sealions'D)seals'5.Whatisthemainideaoftheforthparagraph？A)Greatwhiteseatlow-fat，bonymealsmoreslowly.B)Greatwhitesseewellenoughtoincludeseals，sealions，andhumansintheirdiet.C)Wenowknowgreatwhitesdon’tmistakehumansforotheranimals.D)Thereisreasontodoubtthatgreatwhitesseewellenoughtoattackhumans.答案与题解：1.C选项A(鲨鱼咬冲浪板)和B(鲨鱼咬他的手指)两个选项发生在Craig落水之前，故排除这两项。从第二段第三行可以得到如下信息：当Craig落入水中，手指上的鲜血在水中散开之时，这条五米长的鲨鱼知自己游走了。此信息排除了选项D(鲨鱼攻击他)因此答案为C(鲨鱼自己游走了)。2.A从第二段第一行我们可以看出：鲨鱼被人类视为杀手，这是一条常识，很容易理解，因此选项B(杀人)被排除。而选项C(有很多牙)和D(长到六米长或是更长)只是对鲨鱼的简单描述，也属于常识；而且文中并未出现对它们的质疑，说明作者也默认了这两条常识。因此选项C和D也被排除。所以答案是A（常常让人类逃脱)这在文中第三段得到了验证，第三段整段就是在说虽然鲨鱼可以轻松杀死人类，但是它们却很少杀人。第三段最后两行甚至提到就连鲨鱼研究者们都在尽力寻找人类屡屡能鲨口逃生的原因，这就更能证明选项A是正确答案。3.B本题要求读者根据上下文的语境猜测第四段第二行斜体标出的词组makeup的意思。结合makeup词组前出现的单词seal和sealion以及它后面出现的词组alargepartoftheirdiet，通过常识我们可以猜出：海豹和海狮应该是鲨鱼的主要食物来源。比对四个选项，我们可以发现选项A(创造)、选项C(增加)和选项D（依靠)在意思上都说不通，代入原文无法构成有意义的一句话。因此只有选项B(是)在意思上和makeup最为接近，代入原文也说得通。在本文中，词组makeup的意思为：组成，构成。4.B本题要求读者根据上下文的语境猜测第四段第二行斜体标出的单词their的意思_结合第四段前两行的内容，我们可以很容易推测出，在这里their指代的是thegreatwhites(大白鲨)因此答案为B。5.C本题要求读者总结出第四段的主要内容。第四段主要介绍的是：人们起初以大白鲨视力不好为由来解释人类为何屡屡鲨口脱险，但是最近的信息表明大白鲨的视力并不差，不会把人类误认为是海豹或海狮。大白鲨不吃人是由于它们觉得人类太瘦.没有海狮和海豹的肉那么肥。对比四个选项：选项A略显片面.不是本段的主要内容，故排除。选项B中提到大白鲨也把人类当作食物来源，这点是错误的，故排除B。选项D中说的是人们开始怀疑这一论断的正确性，但是选项D的表述和文中的信息正好相反；人们现在开始怀疑的是“大白鲨由于视力不好才去攻击人类”这一论断，而不是“大白鲨由于视力很好才去攻击人类”故排除D。所以正确答案为C(我们现在知道大白鲨不会把人类误以为是其他动物)。第五篇TheTravelsofIbnBattuta www.123zcyy.com电话：400-618-2500“IleftTangier,mybirthplace,the13thofJune1325withtheintentionofmakingthepilgrimage[toMecca]...toleaveallmyfriendsbothfemaleandmale,toabandonmyhomeasbirdsabandontheirnests.SobeginsanoldmanuscriptinalibraryinParis--thetraveljournalofIbnBattuta.AlmosttwocenturiesbeforeColumbus,thisyoungMoroccansetoffforMecca,returninghomethreedecadeslaterasoneofhistory’sgreattravelers.Drivenbycuriosity,hejourneyedtoremotecornersoftheIslamicworld,travelingthrough44moderncountries,threetimesasfarasMarcoPolo,littlecelebratedintheWest,hisnameiswellknownamongArabs.InhishometownofTangier,asquare,ahotel,acafé,aferryboat,andevenahamburgerarenamedafterhim.IbnBattutastayedinMeccaasastudentforseveralyears,buttheurgetotravelsoontookover.Inoneadventure,hetraveledtoIndiaseekingprofitableemploymentwiththeSultanofDelhi.Ontheway,hedescribedhisgroupbeingattackedintheopencountryby80menonfoot,andtwohorsemen:“wefought...killingoneoftheirhorsemenandabouttwelveofthefootsoldiers....Iwashitbyanarrowandmyhorsebyanother,butGodinhisgracepreservedme....WecarriedtheheadsoftheslaintothecastleofAbuBak’har...andsuspendedthemfromthewall.”InDelhi,thesultangavehimthepositionofjudge,basedonhispriorstudyatMecca.Butthesultanhadanunpredictablecharacter,andIbnBattutalookedforanopportunitytoleave.WhenthesultanofferedtofinanceatriptoChina,heagreed.IbnBattutasetoffinthreeships,butmisfortunestruckwhilehewasstillontheshore.Asuddenstormgroundedandbrokeuptwoships,scatteringtreasureanddrowningmanypeopleandhorses.Ashewatched,thethirdship,withallhisbelongingsandslaves--onecarryinghischild--wascarriedouttoseaandneverheardfromagain.Afteralifetimeofincredibleadventures,IbnBattutawasfinallyorderedbytheSultanofMoroccotoreturnhometosharehiswisdomwiththeworld.Fortunately,heconsentedandwroteabookthathasbeentranslatedintonumerouslanguages,allowingpeopleeverywheretoreadabouthisunparalleledjourneys.词汇：pilgrimagen.朝圣，远游ferryn.渡船slain:slay的过去分词slayv.杀死，杀戮sultann.苏丹(伊斯兰教国王，某些伊斯兰国家统治者的称号)suspendvt.吊，挂；暂停unparalleledadj.无比的，空前的，绝无仅有的financev.给……提供资金scattervt.撒播，驱散；vi.消散theopencountry野外consentvi.同意，赞成footsoldier步兵注释：1.…withtheintentionofmakingthepilgrimage………打算去朝圣……2.LittlecelebratedintheWest,…虽然在西方社会不怎么知名，……3.…seekingprofitableemploymentwiththeSultanofDelhi.……在德里的苏丹王那里谋到了一份收入颇丰的工作。练习：1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A)VisitorstoMecca.B)TheadventuresofIbnBattuta.C)IbnBattuta'scharacter.D)Asiancountriesofthe14thcentury. www.123zcyy.com电话：400-618-25002.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtosetoffforinline5?A)lefttogoto.B)discussed.C)arrivedat.D)decidedupon.3.TheSultanofDelhigaveIbnBattutaapositionofjudgebecauseA)thesultanneededatranslator.B)IbnBattutahadbeenajudgebefore.C)IbnBattutahadstudiedinMecca.D)IbnBattutahadtraveledtomanycountries.4.Whichofthefollowingwouldthewriterofthispassagemostlikelyagreewith?A)IbnBattuta'sjourneyswereverycommonforpeopleofthattime.B)IbnBattuta'sstoriesareprobablynottrue.C)IbnBattuta'sjourneywaslessimportantthanMarcoPolo's.D)IbnBattutashouldbebetterknownintheWesttoday.5.WhydidIbnBattutafinallyreturntohishome？A)Hewastiredoftraveling.B)Hedidn'thaveanymoremoney.C)HefearedtheSultanofDelhi.D)TheSultanofMoroccoaskedhimtoreturn.答案与题解:1.B根据本文的内容以及标题(TheTravelsofIbnBattuta)，我们可以很快排除选项A、C和D。所以答案为B（TheadventuresofIbnBattuta)。2.A从第一行我们知道伊本白图泰的家乡是丹吉尔，所以第五行中setoff词组后提到的麦加必然是伊本白图泰要去的城市，想必他是离开家乡前往麦加。因此，对比四个选项之后，我们不难发现正确答案为A(leftto90to)。3.C在第三段第七行中，我们可以发现本题的答案：因为有在麦加的学习经历，德里的苏丹王给伊本白图泰安排了法官的工作。因此，对比四个选项之后，我们不难发现正确答案为C（IbnBattutahadstudiedinMecca）。4.D选项A的意思是：在他那个时代的人看来，伊本白图泰的经历很普通。结合本文内容我们知道该选项必然是错误的，故排除A。选项B的意思是：伊本白图泰的游历故事可能是虚构的。根据本文的内容我们可以知道伊本白图泰在历史上确有其人，他的游历经历也是真实的，甚至他的游历故事还被写成了书流传后世，所以该选项不对，故排除B。选项C的意思是：伊本白图泰的游历没有马可波罗的游历重要。根据本文，我们知道伊本白图泰的经历虽然在西方社会不如马可波罗那么有名，但他的故事在阿拉伯世界是家喻户晓。文中并没有出现对比他们俩的信息，所以我们不能武断地说谁的游历就一定比另一位的重要，故排除选项C。因此，本题正确答案为D(在现今的西方世界，伊本白图泰应该会比以前更有名)。5.D在第四段前两行中，我们会发现：最后摩洛哥的苏丹王要求游历一生的伊本白图泰回家和世人分享他的智慧。定位这条信息之后，我们再来对比四个选项就不难发现本题的正确答案为D(摩洛哥的苏丹王要求他回家)。