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1、Chapter3Lexicon3.1WhatisWord?Asdifferentcriteriamayidentityanddefinedifferentphenomena,itishardtodefine“word”scientifically.However,itisagreedthattherearethreewaysofdefining“word”,thoughtheycan’tcovereverything.3.11ThreeSensesof“WORD”reference:指称论（therelationshipbetweensymbolsandthethingsinoutsid
2、eworldthatrefersto）Sense:词与词的关系（useotherwordstoexplainaword,justaswelookupthedictionarytofindthemeaningofaword）(1)AphysicaldefinableunitLanguageisproducedasacontinuousstretchofspeechorwriting,butonecanstillpausesandblankseverynowandthen.Thus,wordmaybeseenasasetofsoundsegmentsorwritinglettersbetwe
3、entwopausesorblanks.Forexample:Itiswonderful.Phonological:/itiswandәful/Orthographic:it’swonderful(2)WordbothasageneraltermandasaspecifictermWordmaybeusedbothasageneralterm(thenboyandboysarejustoneword)andasspecificterms(boysandboyaretwowords).Forexample:Write/writes/wtote/writing/writtenothersta
4、ffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterpris
5、esMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand(3)AgrammaticalunitThegrammarofalanguagecontainsasetoflayers,andwordisoneofthem.(rank-----hierarchicalscale等级)Clausecomplex---clause---phrase/wordgroup---word--
6、-morpheme3.1.2Identificationofwords(1)Stability:Awordcan’tberearranged,butasentencecan.Word:nothingness**nessnothing(F)Sentence:a.Johnisacleverboyb.AcleverboyJohnis(2)Relativeuninterruptibility:Awordcan’tbeseparatesorinsertedwithotherelements,butasentencecan.Word:disappointment*dis(#)appoint(#)me
7、ntSentence:Paul,(Jane)andRebeccaaremyclassmates.(3)Aminimumfreeform:Wordisthesmallestunitthatcanbeused,byitself,asacompleteutterance.Expression:---IsJanecomingthisevening?---PossiblyException:----whatismissinginasenten
