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1、Archaeobotanicalevidencerevealstheoriginsofbread14,400yearsagoinnortheasternJordana,1bcbaAmaiaArranz-Otaegui,LaraGonzalezCarretero,MonicaN.Ramsey,DorianQ.Fuller(傅稻镰),andTobiasRichterabDepartmentofCross-CulturalandRegionalStudies,UniversityofCopenhagen,2300Copenha
2、gen,Denmark;InstituteofArchaeology,UniversityCollegecLondon,WC1H0PYLondon,UnitedKingdom;andMcDonaldInstituteforArchaeologicalResearch,UniversityofCambridge,CB23ERCambridge,UnitedKingdomEditedbyDoloresR.Piperno,SmithsonianInstitution,Washington,DC,andapprovedJune1
3、2,2018(receivedforreviewJanuary19,2018)Theoriginsofbreadhavelongbeenassociatedwiththeemer-phasesatthecenterofStructure1.TheoldestfireplaceisalargegenceofagricultureandcerealdomesticationduringtheNeolithic(approximately1mindiameter)circularstructuremadeofflatinsou
4、thwestAsia.Inthisstudyweanalyzeatotalof24charredbasaltstones(Fig.2).ThecontentsofthefireplacewereleftfoodremainsfromShubayqa1,aNatufianhunter-gatherersiteintactafteritslastuseandweresubsequentlyburiedbeneathalocatedinnortheasternJordananddatedto14.6–11.6kacalBP.t
5、hickdepositthatcoveredthebuilding(approximately0.5m).InOurfindsprovideempiricaldatatodemonstratethattheprepa-thenextoccupationphaseofthesite,theinhabitantsbuiltanewrationandconsumptionofbread-likeproductspredatedtheemer-fireplaceabovethepreviousoneinalmostthesame
6、location,genceofagriculturebyatleast4,000years.Theinterdisciplinaryverysimilarinsizeandshape,usingangularbasalboulders.Theanalysesindicatetheuseofsomeofthe“foundercrops”ofsouth-contentsofthisfireplacewerealsoleftinsituafterabandon-westAsianagriculture(e.g.,Tritic
7、umboeoticum,wildeinkorn)andment.Sevenradiocarbondatesofshort-livedcharredplantre-rootfoods(e.g.,Bolboschoenusglaucus,club-rushtubers)topro-mainsfromwithinthefireplacesindicatetheirusearound14.4–duceflatbread-likeproducts.Theavailablearchaeobotanicalevi-14.2kacalB
8、P,whichcorrespondswiththeearlyNatufiandencefortheNatufianperiodindicatesthatcerealexploitationperiod(7).wasnotcommonduringthistime,anditismostlikelythatSystema
