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1、TEXT19FairenoughMar30th2006
2、MEXICOCITYANDSANJOSÉFromTheEconomistprinteditionMAKINGgoodcoffeeisnotasimplebusiness.Coffeebushesmustbegrowninshade—neithertoomuch,nortoolittle.Ahillsideisbest—butitmustn'tbetoos______①.Afterthreeyears,thebusheswillstarttoproducebright-redcoffee
3、“cherries”,whicharepicked,processedtoremovethepulp,andspreadouttodryfordays,ideallyonconcrete.Theyarem_______②againtoseparatethebean,whichneedstorest,preferablyforafewmonths.（1）Onlythencanitberoasted,groundandbrewedintothestuffthatdreamsare★quelledwith[1].InMexicoandpartso
4、fCentralAmerica,asinColombiaandPerufurthersouthbutnotinBrazil,mostcoffeefarmersaresmallholders.（2）Theyfounditespeciallyhardtodealwiththerecent★slump[2]inthecoffeeprice.Thepricehassincerecovered:thebenchmarkpriceappliedtom________③coffeenowrangesfrom$1.11to$1.14perpound.Tha
5、tisroughlydoubleits★rock-bottom[3]levelofAugust2002.Butthev_________④oftheirincomemakesithardforfarmerstoinvesttosustaintheircrop,saysFernandoCelisoftheMexicanNationalOrganisationofCoffeeGrowers.Theslumpforcedmanysmallfarmerstoswitchtoothercrops,ormigratetocities.Mexico'se
6、xportsofcoffeearelessthanhalfofwhattheyweresixyearsago.（3）Forfarmers,onewayoutofthisdilemmaistodecouplethepricetheyarepaidfromtheinternationalcommoditiesmarkets.Thisisthea_______⑤ofFairtrade,aLondon-basedorganisationwhichcertifiesproductsas“responsibly”sourced.Fairtradedet
7、erminesatwhatpricefarmersmakewhatitconsidersareasonableprofit.Itscurrentcalculationisthattheappropriatefigureis10%abovethemarketprice.W________⑥,salesofFairtrade-certifiedcoffeehaveincreasedfrom$22.5mperyearto$87mperyearsince1998.Thisisstillonlyatinyfractionoftheoverallwor
8、ldcoffeetrade,worth$10billionannually.Butthereareplentyofother★nichemarkets[4]forhigh-qualitycoffee.Somesmallproducerscanc_________⑦morebymarketingtheircoffeeasorganic—aswitchwhichtakesfiveyearsorso—or“bird-friendly”（4）because,unlikelarge,mechanisedplantations,theyhavereta
9、inedshadetrees.Starbucks,theSeattle-basedcoffee-barc________⑧,saysitusesasimilarformulato
