恩格斯对杜林“永恒论”的批判及其当代启示

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1、西南交通大学硕士学位论文第II页AbstractThe‘eternaltheory’isaplausibleviewpointindailylife.Believingpermanent,universalandeternalandrefusingtochange,differenceanddialecticswhichreflectsakindofthinkingthatpursuitsathoughtsystembeefficaciousforeveressentially.Itisnotonlyaworldviewthatpeop

2、ledonotknow,butalsoamethodology.Itisbothastandpointandamoraloutlookonvaluesinlife.Atpresent,therearevariouskindsof‘eternaltheories’and‘universaltheories’inthesociety.SomepeopleevenconsiderthatMarxandEngelsarealsothepractitionersofthe‘eternaltheory’.Isitindeedso?Whatisthe

3、specificmeaningof‘eternalTheory’and‘universalTheory’?WhatisthepositionofMarxandEngelsonthisissuetotheend?Howtodialecticallylookupontheeternaltopicofthepresent?ThispapersetsaboutEngels'sAntiDühring,thinksthatthe‘eternaltheory’ofDühringreferstothemetaphysical,unilateralthe

4、oriesthatalsosplituprealisticcontradictionsinhisthought,whichismainlyembodiedinhistruthview,ethics,fairness,socialandhistoricalviews.Engels'AntiDühringrevealsthecriticalpositionofMarxandEngelsandthespiritualessenceofmaterialistdialecticsandhistoricalmaterialism.Theconten

5、tof‘eternaltheory’inthepresentsocietyisverybroadandcannotbesimplygeneralized.‘Universalvalue’theoryisonlyaconcentratedexpressionof‘eternaltheory’inthefieldofvalues.Ontheonehand,thetheoryof‘universalvalue’exaggeratestheuniversalityofvaluemetaphysically,failstodealwiththed

6、ialecticalrelationbetweenidealandreality,shouldbeandrealbe,relativeandabsolute;ontheotherhand,itactsasapowerfulmeansofdiscoursepowercompetitioninpolitics.TheinnovationofthispropositionandthethesisisthatthepastresearchvisualanglewasmostlyconfinedtothecriticismofEngelsinat

7、heoreticalplateofDühring’s‘eternaltheory’.Thethesisintendstosortoutthesetheoreticalcategoriesandthencombinethemsystematically.ThepurposeofthispaperistorevealthethinkingclueofEngels'criticalthinkingonDühring's‘eternaltheory’:thesupremetruthisinterpretedasthebasisofepistem

8、ology--relyingontheeternalsocialmoralvalue--theultimatecommonsocialconceptisthedefinitivegoalofthe‘eter