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1、WRITINGANDTHESTATEINEARLYCHINAINCOMPARATIVEPERSPECTIVEWANGHAICHENGADISSERTATIONPRESENTEDTOTHEFACULTYOFPRINCETONUNIVERSITYINCANDIDACYFORTHEDEGREEOFDOCTOROFPHILOSOPHYRECOMMENDEDFORACCEPTANCEBYTHEDEPARTMENTOFARTANDARCHAEOLOGYAdviser:RobertW.BagleySeptember2007
2、UMINumber:3273536UMIMicroform3273536Copyright2007byProQuestInformationandLearningCompany.Allrightsreserved.ThismicroformeditionisprotectedagainstunauthorizedcopyingunderTitle17,UnitedStatesCode.ProQuestInformationandLearningCompany300NorthZeebRoadP.O.Box134
3、6AnnArbor,MI48106-1346©CopyrightbyWangHaicheng,2007.Allrightsreserved.ToMollyABSTRACTThisdissertationisacomparativestudyoftheusesofwritingintheearlystate.ToobtainafreshperspectiveontheevidenceforearlywritingfromChina,itlooksathowtheideologicalandadministrat
4、iveneedsoftheearlystateweremetinfiveotherregionsoftheworld—Mesopotamia,Egypt,theMayalowlands,CentralMexico,andtheAndes.Whatroledidwritingplayinroyallegitimation?inthestateadministration?intheriseanddevelopmentofthestateasanimaginedcommunity?StatesinCentralM
5、exicoandtheAndes,whichdidnotemploywriting,helpustograspthepowerofwritingbyshowingwhatwasinvolvedindoingwithoutit.Althoughthecross-culturalcomparisonsmadeherediscoverdifferences,onbalanceitisthesimilaritiesthatseemmoststriking.Differencesofculturedonotseemto
6、entailmajordifferencesinthestate’susesforwriting.TexttypesandpracticesthatspecialiststhinkofastypicallyChineseprovetobelocalformsofwidespreadphenomena,notpeculiaritiesofearlyChinabutcharacteristicsofearlystatesocieties.Keywords:AncientChina,earlywriting,ear
7、lystate,earlystateadministration,royaldisplay,wordlists.iiiCONTENTSABSTRACTiiiPREFACE1CHAPTER1.WRITINGANDTHELEGITIMATIONOFTHESTATE:HISTORYASKINGLIST13PART1.THENEAREASTANDTHEAMERICAS14Egypt14Maya17TheAndes20CentralMexico24Mesopotamia25Summary33PART2.CHINA35E
8、rlitouandErligang35Anyang,theShangKingList,andtheMandateofHeaven40CHAPTER2.WRITINGANDTHEWEALTHOFTHESTATE:PEOPLEANDLAND,CENSUSANDLANDREGISTER56PART1.THENEAREASTANDTHEAMERICAS59Mesopotamia59Egypt77TheAnd
