英语语言学笔记1-8

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1、ChapterOne----Introduction1.1----Whatislinguistics?1.1.1.Definition----linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.           Scientific meansitisbasedonthesystematicinvestigationoflinguisticdata,conductedwithreferencetosomegeneraltheory

2、oflanguagestructure.           Collectandobservelanguagefacts----àformulatehypotheses-----àcheckthehypothesesrepeatedlytofullyprovetheirvalidity-----àprove           NoArticlebeforelanguage inthisdefinitionmeansthatlinguisticsstudieslanguageingeneral.  

3、         Linguists’task:basicallystudyandunderstandthegeneralprinciplesuponwhichalllanguagesarebuilt.           Interest oflinguistsis“whatissaid”1.1.2.  ThescopesoflinguisticsGenerallinguistics----thestudyoflanguageasawhole-----thecoreoflinguisticsSpec

4、ificlinguistics----thestudyofaspecificlanguage----ChineselinguisticsPhonetics----thestudyofsoundsusedinlinguisticcommunication.Phonology----thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningsincommunication.Morphology----thestudyofthewayinwhichthes

5、ymbolsarearrangedandcombinedtoformwords.Syntax-----thestudyoftherulesforsentenceformationSemantics-----thestudyofmeaning.Pragmatics----thestudyofmeaninginthecontextoflanguageuse.Abovearemadeupof thecoreoflinguisticsSociolinguistics-----thestudyofallsoci

6、alaspectsoflanguageanditsrelationwithsocietyfromthecoreofthebranch.Psycholinguistics-----thestudyoflanguageprocessing,comprehendingandproduction,aswellaslanguageacquisition.Appliedlinguistics-----theapplicationoflinguistictheoriesandprinciplestolanguage

7、teaching,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.1.1.3. Someimportantdistinctionsinlinguistics.(1)    prescriptivevs.descriptivePrescriptive----thelinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesfor“correctandstandard”behaviorinusinglanguage,i.e.totellpeoplew

8、hattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay.Descriptive----thelinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse.Modernlinguisticsismostlydescriptive.Itdiffersfromgrammarinthatthelatterisbasedon“high”(religious/liter