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ID:17516668
大小:177.00 KB
页数:16页
时间:2018-09-02
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1、ChapterOne----Introduction1.1----Whatislinguistics?1.1.1.Definition----linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage. Scientific meansitisbasedonthesystematicinvestigationoflinguisticdata,conductedwithreferencetosomegeneraltheory
2、oflanguagestructure. Collectandobservelanguagefacts----àformulatehypotheses-----àcheckthehypothesesrepeatedlytofullyprovetheirvalidity-----àprove NoArticlebeforelanguage inthisdefinitionmeansthatlinguisticsstudieslanguageingeneral.
3、 Linguists’task:basicallystudyandunderstandthegeneralprinciplesuponwhichalllanguagesarebuilt. Interest oflinguistsis“whatissaid”1.1.2. ThescopesoflinguisticsGenerallinguistics----thestudyoflanguageasawhole-----thecoreoflinguisticsSpec
4、ificlinguistics----thestudyofaspecificlanguage----ChineselinguisticsPhonetics----thestudyofsoundsusedinlinguisticcommunication.Phonology----thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningsincommunication.Morphology----thestudyofthewayinwhichthes
5、ymbolsarearrangedandcombinedtoformwords.Syntax-----thestudyoftherulesforsentenceformationSemantics-----thestudyofmeaning.Pragmatics----thestudyofmeaninginthecontextoflanguageuse.Abovearemadeupof thecoreoflinguisticsSociolinguistics-----thestudyofallsoci
6、alaspectsoflanguageanditsrelationwithsocietyfromthecoreofthebranch.Psycholinguistics-----thestudyoflanguageprocessing,comprehendingandproduction,aswellaslanguageacquisition.Appliedlinguistics-----theapplicationoflinguistictheoriesandprinciplestolanguage
7、teaching,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.1.1.3. Someimportantdistinctionsinlinguistics.(1) prescriptivevs.descriptivePrescriptive----thelinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesfor“correctandstandard”behaviorinusinglanguage,i.e.totellpeoplew
8、hattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay.Descriptive----thelinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse.Modernlinguisticsismostlydescriptive.Itdiffersfromgrammarinthatthelatterisbasedon“high”(religious/liter
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