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1、2012年3月高级口译考试真题+答案+解析SpotDictation：Psychologistshavemanytheoriestoexplainhowwerememberinformation.Themostinfluential theoryisthatmemoryworksasakindofstoragesystemforinformation.Therearethreetypesofthesestoragesystemswithdifferentfunctionsthatholdinformationfordifferentam
2、ountsoftime.Theyaresensorymemory,short-termmemoryandlong-termmemory.Sensorymemoryholdsinformationfortheshortestamountoftime,lessthanforsecondsandinstant.Sensorymemoryiswherestimuliorthingsthatstimulateoursensesareverybrieflystored.Weforgetsensorymemoriesalmostinstantly,u
3、nlesstheypassedintoanotherstoragesystem.Examplesofthestimuliarewhatweseeandhearintheworld,suchasaflashoflightningorthesoundofadoorclosing.Short-termmemoryalsocalledworkingmemory,holdsinformationforabout15to20seconds.Thisisnotaverylongtime.Buttheinformationthatpassesintot
4、hissystemhasmoremeaningforusthanjustsensorystimulation.Someexpertsbelievethatsensoryinformationchangesintovisualimagesasitisstored.Andothersbelievethatinformationchangesintowords.Thereisnotmuchroomforinformationinshort-termmemory.Anditdidnotstaythereforverylong.Exampleso
5、fthistypesofinformationaretelephonenumbers,addressesandnames.Long-termmemoryholdsinformationalmostindefinitely,althoughretrievingitcansometimesbedifficult.Thinkoflong-termmemoryasaverybiglibrary,withalmostunlimitedcapacitiesforstorage.Informationgetsfiled,catalogedandsto
6、red.Long-termmemoryhasseveraldifferentcomponentsorcategories.Themaintwocategoriesaredeclarativememoryandprocedurememory.Declarativememoryiswherewestorefactualinformation,suchasnames,faces,dates,lifeevents.Procedurememoryiswherewestorememoryofskillsandhabits,likehowtoride
7、abike,orhowtoboilanegg.Withinthedeclarativememory,therearesmallercategoriesofmemory,episodicmemoryandsemanticmemory.Episodicmemoryrelatestoourpersonallives.Thingswehavedoneorexperienced,suchashavingacaraccidentorgraduatingfromschool.Semanticmemoryiswhereweorganizegeneral
8、knowledgeorfactsabouttheworld,suchasmathformulas,spellingrulesandcapitalcities. 点评：这是一篇关于人类记忆分类的文章。文章采用
