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1、ThecultureoftheUnitedStatesLiteratureMarkTwainisregardedasamongthegreatestwritersinAmericanhistory.Mainarticle:LiteratureoftheUnitedStatesTherighttofreedomofexpressionintheAmericanconstitutioncanbetracedtoGermanimmigrantJohnPeterZengerandhislegalfighttomaketruthfulpublicat
2、ionsintheColoniesaprotectedlegalright,ultimatelypavingthewayfortheprotectedrightsofAmericanauthors.[23][24]Intheeighteenthandearlynineteenthcenturies,AmericanartandliteraturetookmostofitscuesfromEurope.Duringitsearlyhistory,AmericawasaseriesofBritishcoloniesontheeasterncoa
3、stofthepresent-dayUnitedStates.Therefore,itsliterarytraditionbeginsaslinkedtothebroadertraditionofEnglishliterature.However,uniqueAmericancharacteristicsandthebreadthofitsproductionusuallynowcauseittobeconsideredaseparatepathandtradition.[citationneeded]WriterssuchasNathan
4、ielHawthorne,EdgarAllanPoe,andHenryDavidThoreauestablishedadistinctiveAmericanliteraryvoicebythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury.MarkTwainandpoetWaltWhitmanweremajorfiguresinthecentury'ssecondhalf;EmilyDickinson,virtuallyunknownduringherlifetime,wouldberecognizedasAmerica'soth
5、eressentialpoet.ElevenU.S.citizenshavewontheNobelPrizeinLiterature,mostrecentlyToniMorrisonin1993.ErnestHemingway,the1954Nobellaureate,isoftennamedasoneofthemostinfluentialwritersofthetwentiethcentury.[25]Aworkseenascapturingfundamentalaspectsofthenationalexperienceandchar
6、acter—suchasHermanMelville'sMoby-Dick(1851),Twain'sTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1885),andF.ScottFitzgerald'sTheGreatGatsby(1925)—maybedubbedthe"GreatAmericanNovel".PopularliterarygenressuchastheWesternandhardboiledcrimefictionweredevelopedintheUnitedStates.NationalHolida
7、ysFireworkslightuptheskyovertheWashingtonMonument.AmericanstraditionallyshootfireworksthroughoutthenightontheFourthofJuly.MartinLutherKingDaymemorializesthelegacyofDr.King,whoisoftenregardedasthepatriarchoftheCivilRightsMovement.Dr.Kingispicturedabovedeliveringhis"IHaveaDr
8、eam"speech.InaugurationDayistheonlyFederalholidaythatisnotannualbutratheroccursonlyonceev
