美国历史文化概况UNIT7LawsandRules

《美国历史文化概况UNIT7LawsandRules》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、Unit7LawsandRulesCONTENTSTeachingAimsTextATextBSupplementingReadingTEACHINGAIMSAfterstudyingthisunit,youarerequiredto:1.HaveageneralideaofLawsandRules.2.UnderstandtheimportanceofLawsandRules.3.Masterthedifficultwordsandexpressions.TextAThelawoftheUnitedStatesTEXTAPrevie

2、w美国法律层次多样，有编纂形式的，也有未成文形式的。其中最重要的是美国宪法，它是美国联邦政府的基础所在。普通法来自于司法的创造，有着丰富的历史和传统的内涵，是美国法律结构的重要组成部分。TEXTAReadingComprehensionReadthefollowingsentencesanddecidewhethertheyaretrue（T)orfalse（F)．1.TheUnitedStatesConstitutionisthefoundationofthefederalgovernmentoftheUnitedStates.()

3、2.AllU.S.stateshaveenacted"receptionstatutes"whichgenerallystatethatthecommonlawofEnglandisthelawofthestatetotheextentthatitisnotrepugnanttodomesticlaworindigenousconditions.()3.U.S.lawhasdivergedgreatlyfromitsEnglishancestorbothintermsofsubstanceandprocedure,andhasinco

4、rporatedanumberofcivillawinnovations.()4.AmericancourtsadoptedprinciplesfromBritishtoresolvethelegalproblemsoftheAmericanpeople.()TEXTANotes1.constitution:Aconstitutionisasetoflawsthatasetofpeoplehavemadeandagreeduponforgovernment—oftencodifiedasawrittendocument—thatenu

5、meratesandlimitsthepowersandfunctionsofapoliticalentity.Theserulestogethermakeup,i.e.constitute,whattheentityis.Inthecaseofcountriesandautonomousregionsoffederalcountriesthetermrefersspecificallytoaconstitutiondefiningthefundamentalpoliticalprinciples,andestablishingthe

6、structure,procedures,powersandduties,ofagovernment.Bylimitingthegovernment'sownreach,mostconstitutionsguaranteecertainrightstothepeople.Thetermconstitutioncanbeappliedtoanyoverallsystemoflawthatdefinesthefunctioningofagovernment,includingseveraluncodifiedhistoricalconst

7、itutionsthatexistedbeforethedevelopmentofmoderncodifiedconstitutions.TEXTANotes2.commonlaw:Commonlawislawdevelopedbyjudgesthroughdecisionsofcourtsandsimilartribunals(alsocalledcaselaw),ratherthanthroughlegislativestatutesorexecutivebranchaction.A"commonlawsystem"isalega

8、lsystemthatgivesgreatprecedentialweighttocommonlaw,ontheprinciplethatitisunfairtotreatsimilarfactsdifferentlyo