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1、CommentontheShiftofEnglishLanguagefromaHighlySyntheticLanguageintoanAnalyticOneNowadays,Englishisagloballanguage,andtherearemorethan370millionpeoplewhospeakEnglishastheirfirstlanguage.ButevenforthesenativeEnglishspeakers,ifyoupresentapageofoldEnglishtoth
2、em,theymaylookatitmorestrangethanlookatapageofFrenchorItalianbecauseofthehugedifferencesbetweenoldEnglishandmodernEnglish.Generallyspeaking,oldEnglishdistinguishesfrommodernEnglishinsuchaspectsasspelling,pronunciation,thelexicalandthegrammar.Ofthesediffe
3、rences,grammarisoffundamentalfeaturethatmakesoldEnglishdifferentfromthelanguageoftoday.OldEnglishisahighlyinflectionallanguage.Inflectionallanguagesfallintotwoclasses:oneissynthetic,theotherisanalytic.Syntheticlanguageisalsocalledinflectedlanguage.Itrefe
4、rstooneinwhichitsmeaningisexpressedbyinflectionalendings,notbywordorder.Syntheticlanguageusesinflectionalforms,suchasaffixes,asprimarymeansofindicatingthegrammaticalfunctionofthewordsinthelanguage.InIndo-Europeanlanguages,thesemostcommonlytaketheformofen
5、dingsonthenounandpronoun,theadjectiveandtheverb.Theoppositeofasyntheticlanguageisananalyticlanguage,alsoknownasisolatinglanguage.Itreferstooneinwhicheverymorphemeformsaseparateword,andindividualparticlesareusedtoconveygrammaticalfunctions.Inanalyticlangu
6、age,thewordformsaremostlyortotallyfixed,andgrammaticalfunctionsareindicatedthroughtheuseofhelperwordsandwordorder.Chineseisanexampleofananalyticlanguage.ModernEnglishisalsoananalytic.InModernEnglish,thesubjectandtheobjectdonothavedistinctiveforms,nordowe
7、haveinflectionalendingstoindicatetheotherrelationsmarkedbycaseendingsinLatin,exceptinthepossessivecaseandinpronouns.ThedevelopmentofEnglishfromoldonetonewoneisavividillustrationofthelanguageshiftfromhighlysynthetictoanalytic.TheshiftofEnglishlanguagefrom
8、highlysynthetictoanalyticisnotfinishedinaday,butthroughseveralperiodscoveringaspanofmorethan1500years.Generally,itcanbedividedintofourdistinctiveperiods.TheyaretheOldEnglish(450--1100);MiddleEnglish(1100--1500);EarlyModern