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1、中国古代改革与变法专题复习导航（ReviewandnavigationofancientChinesereformandpoliticalreform）ReviewandnavigationofancientChinesereformandpoliticalreformReformandopeningtotheoutsideworldarethemainthemesoftoday'sdevelopment.IntheancienthistoryofChina,reformandpoliticalreformalsoranthroughthewholeproc
2、essofhistoricaldevelopment.CarefulstudyofthesuccessfulexperiencesandfailuresofreformandpoliticalreforminancienthistoryisofgreatsignificancetoChina'sreformandopeningupandsocialistmodernizationdrive.I.summaryoftheknowledgesystemThepresentteachingmaterialsofancientChinesehistoryhavede
3、scribedmorethan10reforms.Accordingtothenatureandcausesofthereformisdifferent,canbedividedintothefollowingfourtypes:thereformoftheslavesocietyfuguoqiangbing;newsocialtransformationreform;reformthefeudalsocietyinteriormodulationrulepolicy;thereformofnationalminorityfeudalization.(a)t
4、heslavesocietyfuguoqiangbingreformThereformofGuanZhongin685BC,theDukeappointedGuanZhong,reform.Inpoliticsandmilitary,weshouldpushthesystemof"dividingthecountryandthewild"intoadministrationandarmyunification.Intheeconomicaspect,theimplementationof"mineareaisevenlydivided"and"phaseto
5、decline",accordingtothenumberoflandandthequalityoffarmlandlevytaxes.GuanZhongsoonbecamethereformoftheQiStateinthespringandAutumnperiodofEasternpowers,laidasolidfoundationforjihuangonghegemony.(two)thereformoftheoldandnewsocialtransition,1.Lu"levybyacre"inthespringandAutumnperiod,al
6、ongwiththeprogressofproductiveforcesandthefeudalmodeofproduction,thesystemtendstocollapse.In594BC,theimplementationof"firsttaxmu,provisionsofthepublicfieldstolevytaxonthebasisofthenationalprogram.Althoughthepurposeistoincreasestaterevenue,butbychangingthetaxsystempubliclyconfirmedt
7、helegitimacyofprivateland,alsoadmittedthatthefeudalprivateownershipofland.2.ShangYang'sreform,duringtheWarringStatesperiod,thelandownershipoftheslaveownerswaslargelyreplacedbytheprivateownershipofthefeudalland.Thelandlordclassasthepoliticalandeconomicpowergrows,theoriginalcontradic
8、tionandslaveholdersstubbor
