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1、阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A Childrenhavetheirownrulesinplayinggames.Theyseldomneedareferee(裁判)andrarelytaketroubletokeepscores.Theydon’tcaremuchaboutwhowinsorloses,anditdoesn’tseemtoworrythemifthegameisnotfinished.Yet,theylikegamesthatdependalotonluck,sothattheirp
2、ersonalabilitiescannotbedirectlycompared.Theyalsoenjoygamesthatmoveinstages,inwhicheachstage,thechoosingofleaders,thepicking-upofsides,orthedeterminingofwhichsideshallstart,isalmostagameinitself. Grown-upscanhardlyfindchildren’sgameexciting,andtheyoftenfeelpuzzledatwhytheirkidsplaysuchsi
3、mplegameagainandagain.However,itisfoundthatachildplaysgamesforveryimportantreasons.Hecanbeagoodplayerwithouthavingtothinkwhetherheisapopularperson,andhecanfindhimselfbeingausefulpartnertosomeoneofwhomheisordinaryafraid.Hebecomesaleaderwhenitcomestohisturn.Hecanbeconfident,too,inparticularg
4、ames,thatitishisplacetogiveorders,topretendtobedead,tothrowaballactuallyatsomeone,ortokisssomeonehehascaught. Itappearstousthatwhenchildrenplayagametheyimagineasituationundertheircontrol.Everyoneknowstherules,andmoreimportantly,everyoneplaysaccordingtotherules.Thoserulesmaybechildish,but
5、theymakesurethateverychildhasachancetowin.124.Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.RulesinChildren’sGames B.AdvantagesofPlayingGamesforChildrenC.ReasonsforChildren’sGames D.HowtoBeaPopularGamePlayerBNoonelikestomakemistakes.Butanewstudysaysorganizationslearnmorefromtheirfailuresthanfromthe
6、irsuccesses,andkeepthatknowledgelonger. OneoftheresearcherswasVinitDesai,anassistantprofessorattheUniversityofColoradoDenverBusinessSchool.HeworkedwithPeterMadsenfromtheMarriottSchoolofManagementatBrighamYoungUniversityinUtah. Theydidnotfindmuchlong-term"organizationallearning"fromsucc
7、ess.Itispossible,theysayButProfessorDesaisaystheyfoundthatknowledgegainedfromfailurelastsforyears.Hesaysorganizationsshouldtreatfailuresasalearningopportunityandnottrytoignorethem． Thestudylookedatcompaniesandorganizationsthatlaunchsatellites一andotherspacev
