论胎儿的损害赔偿请求权

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1、硕士学位论文论胎儿的损害赔偿请求权培养单位：法学院专业名称：民商法学作者姓名：乔娇娇指导教师：李长城副教授OntheClaimforCompensationforDamagetotheFetusCandidate
QiaoJiaojiaoSupervisor
Vice-Prof.LiChangchengCapitalUniversityofEconomicsandBusiness,Beijing,China摘要从罗马法开始，世界各国在民法部分都开始对胎儿的权益设有特殊的保护。我国一直致力于人权的保护和法制的完善，在《民法总则》公布以前，我国部门法仅在《继承法

2、》第28条对胎儿的遗产分割权利予以了规定。据《民法通则》第9条规定对民事权利主体的规定可知，胎儿并非适格的民事主体，其不具有民事权利能力。现今社会上侵害胎儿权益的案件频发，随着对经济发展和法制完善的需要，胎儿权益保护急需法律给予。最新出台的《民法总则》第16条对于胎儿的民事权利给予了跨越性的一般规定，承认一定情形下胎儿的民事主体地位，赋予其权利，但也有着限定条件。胎儿的权益保护迫在眉睫，给予胎儿以损害赔偿请求权以维护其权益确有必要。在更新后的民法体系大背景之下，结合最新的法律规则，论述胎儿应当享有完整且独立的民事主体资格，其权利范围应予扩大至生命健康范畴，对

3、于胎儿的损害赔偿请求权的基础构建及确立行使都有充分的论证。同时，针对这一问题中目前争议较大的三个特殊问题也予以论述，肯定胎儿权益保护的全面性和法律的严肃性。关键词：胎儿权益；主体地位；权利范围；损害赔偿请求权IAbstractSinceRomanlaw,countriesallovertheworldhavebeguntoprotecttherightsandinterestsoffetusesincivillaw.Chinahasalwaysbeencommittedtotheprotectionofhumanrightsandtheimprovement

4、ofthelegalsystem.Priortothepublicationofthe"GeneralPrinciplesofCivilLaw,"China'ssectorlawonlystipulatedinsection28ofthe"LawofSuccession"therighttoseparatethefetus'sinheritance.AccordingtotheprovisionsofArticle9ofthe"GeneralPrinciplesofCivilLaw"onthesubjectofcivilrights,wecanseethat

5、thefetusisnotanappropriatecivilsubject,anditdoesnothavecivilrights.Infrequentcasesofencroachmentontherightsofthefetusinthesocietytoday,withtheneedforeconomicdevelopmentandimprovementofthelegalsystem,theprotectionoftheprotectionoffetusrightsisurgentlyrequiredbylaw.Thenewlyissuedarti

6、cle16ofthe“GeneralPrinciplesofCivilLaw”providesgeneralrulesforthefetus’scivilrights,recognizesthefetus’scivilsubjectstatusincertaincircumstances,andgrantsthemrights,butalsohaslimitedconditions.Inthecontextoftheupdatedcivillawsystem,combiningwiththelatestlegalrules,itisdiscussedthat

7、thefetusshouldenjoyacompleteandindependentcivilsubjectqualification.Thescopeofitsrightsshouldbeextendedtothecategoryoflifehealth,andthefoundationforthefoundationandtheestablishmentoftherighttoclaimfordamagesforthefetusarefullydemonstrated.Atthesametime,threespecialproblemsthatarecu

8、rrentlycontroversialaredis