acca考试《f4公司法与商法》必备考点(1)

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1、ACCA考试《F4公司法与商法》必备考点(1)本文由高顿ACCA整理发布，转载请注明出处　  Chapter1Structureofthelegalsystem 　　1Distinctionbetweencriminalandcivillaw　　1.1Civillaw　　Whobringstheaction?Claimant(plaintiff)againstDefendant.　　E.g.BrownvJones　　Burden&standardofproof?Claimantmustproveliabilityon'balanceofp

2、robabilities'　　Whereisactionheard?Smallclaims,County&HighCourt　　Whodecidesliability/remedy?UsuallyJudgealone　　Remedy?Compensation.E.g.damages　　1.2Criminallaw　　Whobringstheaction?Prosecution(Regina)againstAccused.　　E.g.RvSmith　　Burden&standardofproof?Prosecutionmustprovegu

3、ilt‘beyondreasonabledoubt’　　Whereisactionheard?Magistrates&CrownCourt　　Whodecidesguilt/sentence?Magistrates/Judge/Jury　　Sentence?Fine/Imprisonment/Communityorder 　　2Thecourtsoflaw　　2.1TheEuropeanCourts:　　(a)CourtoftheEuropeanUnion(EuropeanCourtofJustice)(nottobeconfusedwi

4、thEuropeanCourtofHumanRights);　　(i)HearsreferencesandappealsfromcourtsofmemberstatesonmattersofEuropeanLaw;　　(ii)OnEuropeanLawmatterscanoverruledecisionsofanyUKcourt;　　(b)EuropeanCourtofHumanRights:　　(i)ThefinalsourceofappealonEuropeanConventiononHumanRightsmatters.(Notet

5、hattheConventionisnowincorporatedintoUKlawbyHumanRightsAct1998);　　(ii)ThereisnoappealfromtheEuropeanCourtofHumanRightstoEuropeanCourtofJustice.　　2.2TheHouseofLords:　　(a)HighestUKcourt;5.1-9,,services,andmakethecitymoreattractive,strengtheningpublictransportinvestment,esta

6、blishedasthebackboneoftheurbanrailtransitmulti-level,multi-functionalpublictransportsystem,thusprotectingtheregionalpositionandachieve高顿财经ACCA　　(b)Personnel–LordsofAppealinOrdinary(LawLords).5willusuallysitonanappeal;　　(c)Jurisdiction–purelyappellate.Hearsappealsfrom:　　–

7、BothdivisionsoftheCourtofAppeal　　–ThedivisionalcourtoftheQueensBenchDivisionoftheHighCourt　　–TheHighCourtby"leapfrogprocedure";　　(d)OnappealsfromsomeCommonwealthCourtsandChannelIslandsthecourtsitsas"TheJudicialCommitteeofthePrivyCouncil".　　2.3TheCourtofAppeal:　　(a)Divide

8、dinto2divisions:　　–civiland　　–criminal　　(b)Personnel–LordJusticesofAppeal.3willusuallysitonanap