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1、TEDó￠ó??Y?2??￡o?ò???aê2?′?ìà?￡? ????whenyouhave21minutestospeak,twomillionyearsseemslikeareallylongtime.butevolutionarily,twomillionyearsisnothing.andyetintwomillionyearsthehumanbrainhasnearlytripledinmass,goingfromtheone-and-a-quarterpoundbrainofourancestorhere,habilis,totheal
2、mostthree-poundmeatloafthateverybodyherehasbetweentheirears.whatisitaboutabigbrainthatnaturewassoeagerforeveryoneofustohaveone? ????well,itturnsoutwhenbrainstripleinsize,theydon'tjustgetthreetimesbigger;theygainnewstructures.andoneofthemainreasonsourbraingotsobigisbecauseitgota
3、newpart,calledthe"frontallobe."andparticularly,apartcalledthe"pre-frontalcortex."nowwhatdoesapre-frontalcortexdoforyouthatshouldjustifytheentirearchitecturaloverhaulofthehumanskullintheblinkofevolutionarytime? ????well,itturnsoutthepre-frontalcortexdoeslotsofthings,butoneofthem
4、ostimportantthingsitdoesisitisanexperiencesimulator.flightpilotspracticeinflightsimulatorssothattheydon'tmakerealmistakesinplanes.humanbeingshavethismarvelousadaptationthattheycanactuallyhaveexperiencesintheirheadsbeforetheytrythemoutinreallife.thisisatrickthatnoneofourancestors
5、coulddo,andthatnootheranimalcandoquitelikewecan.it'samarvelousadaptation.it'suptherewithopposablethumbsandstandinguprightandlanguageasoneofthethingsthatgotourspeciesoutofthetreesandintotheshoppingmall. ????now--(laughter)--allofyouhavedonethis.imean,youknow,benandjerry'sdoesn't
6、haveliver-and-onionicecream,andit'snotbecausetheywhippedsomeup,trieditandwent,"yuck."it'sbecause,withoutleavingyourarmchair,youcansimulatethatflavorandsay"yuck"beforeyoumakeit. ????let'sseehowyourexperiencesimulatorsareworking.let'sjustrunaquickdiagnosticbeforeiproceedwiththere
7、stofthetalk.here'stwodifferentfuturesthatiinviteyoutocontemplate,andyoucantrytosimulatethemandtellmewhichoneyouthinkyoumightprefer.oneofthemiswinningthelottery.thisisabout314milliondollars.andtheotherisbecomingparaplegic.so,justgiveitamomentofthought.youprobablydon'tfeellikeyoun
8、eedamomentofthought. ????interestingly,therear
