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ID:16809204
大小:13.12 KB
页数:3页
时间:2018-08-24
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1、TEDó¢ó??Y?2??£o?aê2?′X′ú±í?′?a£? ????ihavetheanswertoaquestionthatwe'veallasked.thequestionis,whyisitthattheletterxrepresentstheunknown?nowiknowwelearnedthatinmathclass,butnowit'severywhereintheculture--thexprize,thex-files,projectx,tedx.where'dthatcomefrom? ????aboutsixyearsagoidecidedth
2、atiwouldlearnarabic,whichturnsouttobeasupremelylogicallanguage.towriteawordoraphraseorasentenceinarabicislikecraftinganequation,becauseeverypartisextremelypreciseandcarriesalotofinformation.that'soneofthereasonssomuchofwhatwe'vecometothinkofaswesternscienceandmathematicsandengineeringwasrea
3、llyworkedoutinthefirstfewcenturiesofthecommonerabythepersiansandthearabsandtheturks. ????thisincludesthelittlesysteminarabiccalledal-jebra.andal-jebrroughlytranslatesto"thesystemforreconcilingdisparateparts."al-jebrfinallycameintoenglishasalgebra.oneexampleamongmany. ????thearabictextscon
4、tainingthismathematicalwisdomfinallymadetheirwaytoeurope--whichistosayspain--inthe11thand12thcenturies.andwhentheyarrivedtherewastremendousinterestintranslatingthiswisdomintoaeuropeanlanguage. ????buttherewereproblems.oneproblemistherearesomesoundsinarabicthatjustdon'tmakeitthroughaeuropea
5、nvoiceboxwithoutlotsofpractice.trustmeonthatone.also,thoseverysoundstendnottoberepresentedbythecharactersthatareavailableineuropeanlanguages. ????here'soneoftheculprits.thisisthelettersheen,anditmakesthesoundwethinkofassh--"sh."it'salsotheveryfirstletterofthewordshalan,whichmeans"something
6、"justlikethetheenglishword"something"--someundefined,unknownthing. ????nowinarabic,wecanmakethisdefinitebyaddingthedefinitearticle"al."sothisisal-shalan--theunknownthing.andthisisawordthatappearsthroughoutearlymathematics,suchasthis10thcenturyderivationofproofs. ????theproblemforthemediev
7、alspanishscholarswhoweretaskedwithtranslatingthismaterialisthatthelettersheenandthewordshalancan'tberenderedintospanishbecausespanishdoesn'thavethatsh,that"sh"sound.sobyconvention,theycreatedaruleinwhichtheyborrowedthecksound,"ck"sound,fromtheclassicalgr
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