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1、PORTLANDQUANTUMLOGICGROUPAGeneralDecompositionforReversibleLogicM.Perkowski,L.Jozwiak#,P.Kerntopf+,A.Mishchenko,A.Al-Rabadi,A.Coppola@,A.Buller*,X.Song,M.Md.MozammelHuqAzadKhan&,S.Yanushkevich^,V.Shmerko^,M.Chrzanowska-JeskePortlandStateUniversity,Portland,Oregon97207-0751#TechnicalU
2、niversityofEindhoven,Eindhoven,TheNetherlands,+TechnicalUniversityofWarsaw,Warsaw,Poland,@CypressSemiconductorNorthwestandOregonGraduateInstitute,Oregon,USA,*InformationSciencesDivision,AdvancedTelecommunicationsResearchInstituteInternational(ATR),Kyoto,Japan,&DepartmentofComputerSci
3、enceandEngineering,EastWestUniversity,Bangladesh,,^TechnicalUniversityofSzczecin,Szczecin,PolandYear2001Atom-scalecomputation:Whatarethedifficultiesintryingtobuildaclassicalcomputingmachineonsuchasmallscale?Oneofthebiggestproblemswiththeprogramofminiaturizingconventionalcomputersisth
4、edifficultyofdissipatedheat.Asearlyas1961Landauerstudiedthephysicallimitationsplacedoncomputationbyheatdissipation.Plotshowingthenumberofdopantimpuritiesinvolvedinlogicwithbipolartransistorswithyear.(Copyright1988byInternationalBusinessMachinesCorporation,reprintedwithpermission.)R.W
5、.Keyes,IBMJ.Res.Develop.32,24(1988).Computingattheatomicscale:asurveymadebyKeyesin1988Informationloss=energylossThelossofinformationisassociatedwithlawsofphysicsrequiringthatonebitofinformationlostdissipateskTln2ofenergy,wherekisBoltzmann’constantandTisthetemperatureofthesystem.Inter
6、estinreversiblecomputationarisesfromthedesiretoreduceheatdissipation,therebyallowing:higherdensitiesspeedR.Landauer,“FundamentalPhysicalLimitationsoftheComputationalProcess”,Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci,426,162(1985).WhenwillIThappen?201020202001kTln2PowerforswitchingonebitLogarithmicscaleRelate
7、dtoinformationlossAssumingMooreLawworksInourlifetimeReversibleLogicBennettshowedthatforpowernotbedissipatedinthecircuititisnecessarythatarbitrarycircuitcanbebuildfromreversiblegates.InformationisPhysicalIsaminimumamountofenergyrequiredpercomputationstep?RolfLandauer,1970.Wheneverweus
8、ealogicallyi
