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1、-iasuffixformingnamesofcountries,diseases,flowers,fromL.andGk.-ia,whichformsabstractnounsoffem.gender.Inparaphernalia,Mammalia,etc.itrepresentstheL.andGk.pluralsuffixofnounsin-iumor-ion.-iatricfromGk.iatrikos"healing,"fromiatros"physician,healer,"relatedtoiatreuo"
2、treatmedically,"fromiaomai"tocure,"fromiaino"heat,warm,cheer."-ingsuffixattachedtoverbstomeantheiraction,result,product,material,etc.,fromO.E.-ing,-ung,fromP.Gmc.*unga(cf.O.N.-ing,Du.-ing,Ger.-ung).Originallyusedtoformnounsfromverbsandtodenotecompletedorhabitualac
3、tion.ItsusehasbeengreatlyexpandedinM.E.andMod.Eng.Theotheruseof-ingistoformtheprp.ofverbs,andinthissenseitdevelopedfromO.E.-ende(cf.Ger.-end,Goth.-and,Skt.-ant,Gk.-on,L.-ans).Itevolvedinto-ingin13c.-14c.-iseSee-ize.-ishadj.suffix,fromO.E.-isc,commonGmc.(cf.O.N.-is
4、kr,Ger.-isch,Goth.-isks),cognatewithGk.dim.suffix-iskos.Colloquiallyattachedtohourstodenoteapproximation,1916.-ismsuffixformingnounsofaction,state,condition,doctrine,fromFr.-isme,fromL.-isma,fromGk.-isma,fromstemofverbsin-izein.Usedasanindependentword,chieflydispa
5、ragingly,from1680.-istagentnounsuffix,alsousedtoindicateadherencetoacertaindoctrineorcustom,fromFr.-iste,fromL.-ista,fromGk.-istes,fromagentialsuffix-tes.Variant-ister(e.g.chorister,barister)isfromO.Fr.-istre,onfalseanalogyofministre.Variant-istaisfromSp.form,popu
6、larizedinEng.1970sbynamesofLatin-Americanrevolutionarymovements.-isticadj.suffix,fromL.-isticus(oftenviaFr.-istique),fromGk.-istikos,whichisadj.suffix-ikosaddedton.suffix-istes(see-ist).-itisnounsuffixdenotingdiseasescharacterizedbyinflammation,Mod.L.,fromGk.-itis
7、,fem.ofadj.suffix-ites"pertainingto."Fem.becauseitwasusedwithfem.nounnosos"disease,"e.g.Gk.arthritis(nosos)"(disease)ofthejoints."-izesuffixformingverbs,M.E.-isen,fromO.Fr.-iser,fromL.L.-izare,fromGk.-izein.EnglishpickeduptheFr.form,butpartiallyrevertedtothecorrec
8、tGk.-z-spellingfromlate16c.InBritain,despitetheopposition(atleastformerly)ofOED,EncyclopaediaBritannica,TimesofLondon,andFowler,-iseremainsdominant.Fowl
