资源描述：
《皮亚杰著作 possibility and necessity i： the role of possibility in cognitive development》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、,-._.--PossibilityandNecessityVolume1TheRoleofPossibilityinCognitiveDevelopmentJeanPiagetTranslatedfromtheFrenchbyHelgaFeiderJeanPiagetwaspreoccupied,lateinlife,withthedevelopingchild'sunderstandingofpossibility•howthechildbecomesawareofthepoteql:iallyunlimite
2、dscopeofpossibleactionsand1¥arnstochooseamongthem.Piaget'sapproacht6thisques•tiontookonanewopennesstoreal-lifesituations,lessdeterministicthanhisearlier,ground-breakingworkincognitivedevelopment.Theresultingtwo•volumework-hislast-waspublishedinFrancein1981and1
3、983andisnowavailableforthefirsttimeinEnglishtranslation.PossibilityandNeces•sitycombinestheoreticalinterpretationwithdetailedsummariesoftheexperimentsthatPiagetandhiscolleaguesusedtotesttheirhypotheses.Piaget'sintent,inVolume1,istoexploretheprocesswherebypossi
4、bilitiesareformed.Hechoosestounderstand"thepossible"notassomethingpredeterminedbyinitialconditions;rather,inhisuseoftheterm,possibilitiesarecon•stantlycomingintobeing,andhavenostaticcharacteristics-eacharisesfromaneventwhichhasproducedanopeningontoit,anditsact
5、ualiza•tionwillinturngiverisetootheropenings.Inperceivingthatapossibilitycanberealized,andinactinguponit,thechildcreatessomethingthatdidnotexistbefore.Toobservethisprocess,Piagetandhisassociatesdevisedaseriesofthirteenproblemsappropriateforchildrenranginginage
6、fromfourorfivetoelewnortwelve;theywereaskedtonameallpossiblewaysthreedicemightbear•ranged,forexample,orasquareofpapersectioned.,Theexperimentershadtwoprimaryaims-todiscovertowhatextentthechild'scapacitytoseepossibilitiesdevelopswithage,andtodetenninetheplacein
7、cognitivedevelopmentofthiscapacity-doesitprecedeorfollowtheadventofoperationalthoughtstructures?Inchartingthisprocess,Piagetdiscernsagrowinginteractionbetweenpossibilityandnecessity.Howthechildcomestounderstandnecessityandachievesadynamicsynthesis-orequilibrat
8、ion-betweenthepossibleandthenecessaryisdiscussedbyPiagetandhiscolleaguesinVolume2,TheRoleofNecessityinCognitiveDevelopment,alsopublishedbyMinnesota."Thisbookcontainsveryimportantde
