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1、段落发展的几种手段1.列举法(listing) 作者运用列举法,是通过列举一系列的论据对topicsentence中摆出的论点进行广泛、全面地陈述或解释,列举的顺序可以按照所列各点内容的相对重要性、时间、空间等进行。 YesterdaywasoneofthoseawfuldaysformewheneverythingIdidwentwrong.First,Ididn'thearmyalarmclockandarrivedlateforwork.Then,Ididn'treadmydiaryproperlyandforgottogettoanimporta
2、ntmeetingwithmyboss.Duringthecoffeebreak,Idroppedmycoffeecupandspoiltmynewskirt.Atlunchtime,Ileftmypurseonabusandlostallthemoneythatwasinit.Afterlunch,mybosswasangrybecauseIhadn'tgonetothemeeting.ThenIdidn'tnoticeasignonadoorthatsaid"WetPaint"andsoIspoiltmyjackettoo.WhenIgothomeIco
3、uldn'tgetintomyflatbecauseIhadleftmykeyinmyoffice.SoIbrokeawindowtogetinandcutmyhand. 根据本段主题句中的关键词组everythingIdidwentwrong,作者列举了8点内容,分别由first,then,duringthecoffeebreak,afterlunchtime等连接词语引出,使得该文条理清楚、脉络分明、内容连贯。 常用于列举法的过渡连接词有:foronething,foranother,finally,besides,moreover,oneanoth
4、er,stillanother,first,second,also等。2.举例法(exemplification) 作者通过举出具体事例来阐述、说明主题句的内容,严格地讲,举例法也是列举法的一种,它们的区别在于:列举法侧重罗列事实,所列事实力求全面;而举例法侧重通过举出典型事例来解释作者观点,且事例可多可少。 我们来看下面这个用举例法展开的段落。 Therearemanydifferentformsofexercisestosuitdifferenttastes.Forexample,thosewhoenjoycompetitivesportsmayt
5、akeupballgames.Foranotherexample,iftheyprefertoexercisealone,theycanhavearunortakeawalkinthemorningorintheevening.Besides,peoplecangoswimminginthesummerandgoskatinginthewinter.Inshort,nomatterwhattheirinterestsare,peoplecanalwaysfindmorethanonesportsthataresuitabletothem. 本段采用了三个事
6、例来说明主题句中的关键词组differentformsofexercises,这三个例子分别由连接词forexample,foranotherexample和besides引出,最后由引导的结尾句总结全段内容。 举例法中常用的连接词有:forexample(instance),oneexampleis,besides,furthermore,moreover,inaddition等。3.叙述法(narration) 叙述法发展段落主要是按照事物本身的时间或空间的排列顺序,通过对一些特有过渡连接词的使用,有层次分步骤地表达主题句的一种写作手段。用这种方法展
7、开段落,作者能够清楚连贯地交待事物的本末,从而可以使读者可以清晰、完整地理解文章的含义,例如: Intheflatopposite,awomanheardthenoiseoutside.Whenshelookedoutthroughthewindow,shediscoveredthatherneighborwasthreatenedbysomeone.Sheimmediatelycalledthepolicestation.Inanswertothecall,apatrolpolicecararrivedatthesceneofthecrimequickl
8、y.Threepolicemenwentinside