词汇专有名词定义

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1、1linguisticscanbedefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.2“lexikon”means“wordorphrase”3“logie”means“learningorthestudyof”4Lexicologymeans“scienceoftheword”.5Semantics:thestudyofthemeaningsofwordsandotherpartsoflanguage.6Etymology:studiesthemeanings,originandhistoryofindividualwordsandtheirde

2、velopment.7Phraseology(成语学）:mainlydealswithsetexpressionsandidioms.8awordis“aminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction”.9Vocabulary:Totalnumberofwordsthatmakeupalanguage.10Basicwordstockisthefoundationofthevocabularyaccumulatedovercenturiesandformsthecommon

3、coreofthelanguage.11Stability.Wordsofthebasicwordstockhavebeeninuseforcenturies,12Productivity.Wordsofthebasicstockaremostlyrootwordsormonosyllabicwords.13Polysemy.Wordsbelongingtothebasicwordstockoftenpossessmorethanonemeaning14Collocability.Manywordsofthebasicwordstockenterquiteanumberof

4、setexpressions,idiomaticusages,proverbialsayingsandthelike.Instancesarenumerous.15Argot—generallyreferstothejargonofcriminals.16Dialectalwords——arewordsusedonlybyspeakersofthedialectinquestion.17Archaismsarewordsorformsthatwereonceincommonusebutarenowrestrictedonlytospecializedorlimiteduse

5、.18Neologisms-arenewly-createdwordsorexpressions.19Aliensareborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginalpronunciationandspelling.20Translation-loans.Translation-loansarewordsandexpressionsformedfromtheexistingmaterialintheEnglishlanguagebutmodeledonthepatternstakenfromanotherlanguage.21Sema

6、ntic-loans.Wordsofthiscategoryarenotborrowedwithreferencetotheform.22Sothethreesoundsarecalledphonemesratherthanmorphemes.23themorphemeis‘thesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwords’24Allomorphs(词素变体/语素变体/形位变体)donotoccuratrandom,butarephoneticallyconditionedandthuspredictable:25Afree

7、morphemeisonethatcanbeutteredalonewithmeaning.26Morphemes(粘附词素)whichcanmotoccur(standalone)asseparatewordsareboundmorphemes.27boundrootisthatpartofwordthatcarriesthefundamentalmeaningjustlikeafreeroot.28Affixes:affixesareformsthatareattachedtowordsorwordelemen