changing the paradigm from 'race' to human genome variation

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1、COMMENTARYChangingtheparadigmfrom‘race’tohumangenomevariationCharmaineDMRoyal&GeorgiaMDunstonKnowledgefromtheHumanGenomeProjectandresearchonhumangenomevariationincreasinglychallengestheapplicabilityoftheterm‘race’tohumanpopulationgroups,raisingquestionsaboutthevalidityofinfere

2、ncesmadeabout‘race’inthebiomedicalandscientificliterature.Despitetheacknowledgedcontradictionsincontemporaryscience,population-basedgeneticvariationiscontinuallyusedtoexplaindifferencesinhealthbetween‘racial’andhttp://www.nature.com/naturegenetics‘ethnic’groups.Inthiscommentar

3、ywepositthatresolutionofapparentparadoxesinrelatingbiologyto‘race’andgeneticsrequiresthinking‘outsideofthebox’.Introductiontothestateofthescienceexplanatoryframeworkandvisionofandnon-AfricanpopulationgroupsintheKnowledgegainedfromtheHumanGenomehumankindwithdifferentfundamental

4、structureofsequencevariationinthehumanProjectandresearchonhumangenomevaria-assumptionsaboutbiologicalgroupsthatcangenome26,28,rekindlinginthescientificlitera-tionisforcingaparadigmshiftinthinkingaccommodatenewknowledgefromanewture,aswellasinthepublicmedia,oldcontro-aboutthecon

5、structof‘race’1–8,muchlikethegenerationofresearch.versiesoverthebiologicalrelevanceof‘race’inprocessdescribedbyThomasKuhninhisDiscourseonthevalidityof‘racial’catego-medicine.Humangenome–basedknowledgerenownedbook,TheStructureofScientificrizationinhumansiscertainlynotnewandchal

6、lengesscienceandsocietytoaddressques-Revolutions9.Kuhndescribestheparadigmwillperhapscontinueforgenerationstocome,tionsonthevalidityof‘racial’or‘ethnic’cate-shiftinscienceasoccurringwhenanomalous,takingonvariousformsasnewscientificandgoriesforbiomedicalandgeneticsresearch.Itsc

7、ientificresultscannotbeexplainedbyinade-nonscientificknowledgeemerges.Shiftshavealsoraisesquestionsonthepublichealth©2004NaturePublishingGroupquatemethods.Withanaccumulationofsuchoccurredovertimefromapurelyanthropolog-importanceofhumangenomevariationwithinanomalies,scientistsm

8、ustbegintoconsidericalorbiologicaldebate14–21toconversationsa