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1、•四、同位语从句的译法•同位语是用来进一步解释名词或代词的,同位语可以是单词、短语也可以是从句。科技英语中,同位语从句也是常见的一种从句。同位语从句一般由that引导,但也可以用关系代词what,which,who,关系副词when,where,why,how或whether(if)引导。常被同位语从句解释和说明的名词主要有fact,thought,theory,idea,hope,news,doubt,conclusion,question,problem,evidence,certainty,beli
2、ef,rumor,mystery,suggestion,order,answer,decision,discovery,explanation,information,knowledge,law,opinion,principle,truth,promisereport,statement,message,saying,rule等。同位语从句的译法主要有以下几种情况:•(一)译成独立句•有时可以把同位语从句译为一个独立的句子,这时其前可以增译“即”字,或采用冒号或破折号。较长的同位语从句汉译时常常采用此法
3、。如:•Einsteincametotheconclusionthatthemaximumspeedpossibleintheuniverseisthatoflight.•爱因斯坦得出这样的结论,即宇宙中的最大速度是光速。•Thereisfewtosupporttheviewthatinahighlyefficienttransitoperationalmosteveryvehicleshouldbecapableofrunningalmosteveryservice.•很少有人赞成这样的观点,即在高效的
4、交通运输作业中,几乎每一种机动车都应能够完成几乎所有的服务功能。•Puttingtwoandtwotogether,hecametotheconclusionthatmechanicalenergyisdifferentfromelectricalenergy.•他根据事实推断出一个结论:机械能不同于电能。•Wecometotheconclusionthatrecognizabledifferencesexisttodaybetweenmarineandnonmarineforms.•我们所得出的结论是:
5、在今天,海洋生物的形态和非海洋生物的形态之间存在着明显的差别。•Copernicuschallengedwhathaduntilthenbeenthemostnaturalofideas:thatourEarthwasthecenteroftheuniverse.•哥白尼向直到那时被认为是最天经地义的观念——地球处于宇宙中心——提出挑战。•Andtherewasthepossibilitythatasmallelectricalsparkmightaccidentallybypassthemostcare
6、fullyplannedcircuit.•而且总有这种可能性—一个小小的电火花,可能会意外得绕过了最为精心设计的线路。•有时为了修辞需要,也可以把同位语从句译成独立的句子,置于句首。如:•Theprinciplethatgascanfunctionwhileexpandinghasbeenappliedtothesteamengine.•气体在膨胀时能做工,这一原理已应用于蒸汽机上。••Translatebyyourself:•1.Weareallfamiliarwiththefactthatnothin
7、ginnaturewilleitherstartorstopmovingbyitself.•2.Attheendoflastcentury,animportantdiscoverywasmade,thateverythingwaspartlybuiltofelectrons.•3.In1905Einsteinworkedoutatheorythatmatterandenergywerenotcompletelydifferentthings.•4.Therearosethequestionwherethe
8、equipmentshouldbeinstalled.•(二)译成汉语的定语•尽管同位语从句不是定语从句,但有时其意义上和形式上接近定语从句,故汉译时也常把同位语从句转译为定语。如:•Thepossibilitythatacircuitbreakermayfailtoperformitsfunction,wheninstructedtodoso,ishigherthanforprotectionandtripcircuit.•