17.pell's equation,edward j.barbeau

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1、ProblemBooksinMathematicsEditedbyK.A.BencsathP.R.HalmosSpringerNewYorkBerlinHeidelbergHongKongLondonMilanParisTokyoProblemBooksinMathematicsSeriesEditors:K.A.BcncsathandP.R.HalmosPell'sEquationbyEdwardJ.BarbeauPolynomialsbyEdwardJ.BarbeauProblemsinGeometrybyMarcelBerger,PierrePansu,Jean-PicBerr

2、y,andXavierSaint-RaymondProblemBookforFirstYearCalculusbyGeorgeW.BlumanExercisesinProbabilitybyT.CacoullosProbabilityThroughProblemsbyMarekCapinskiandTomaszZastawniakAnIntroductiontoHilbertSpaceandQuantumLogicbyDavidW.CohenUnsolvedProblemsinGeometrybyHallardT.Croft,KennethJ.Falconer,andRichardK

3、.GuyBerkeleyProblemsinMathematics(2nded.)byPauloNeydeSouzaandJorge-NunoSilvaProblem-SolvingStrategiesbyArthurEngelProblemsinAnalysisbyBernardR.GelbaumProblemsinRealandComplexAnalysisbyBernardR.GelbaumTheoremsandCounterexamplesinMathematicsbyBernardR.GelbaumandJohnM.H.OlmstedExercisesinIntegrati

4、onbyClaudeGeorge(contimwdafterindex)EdwardJ.BarbeauPell'sEquation~SpringerEdwardJ.BarbeauDepartmentofMathematicsUniversityofTorontoI00St.GeorgeStreetToronto,OntarioM5S3G3Canadabarbeau@math.toronto.eduSeriesEditors:KatalinA.BencsathPaulR.HalmosMathematicsDepartmentofMathematicsSchoolofScienceSan

5、taClaraUniversityManhattanCollegeSantaClara,CA95053Riverdale,NY10471USAUSAphalmos@scuacc.scu.edukatalin.benscath@manhattan.cduWith9illustrations.MathematicsSubjectClassification(2000):26-06.26Bxx.34Axx.30AxxLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataBarbeau.Edward.1938-Pell'sequationIEdwardJ

6、.Barbeau.p.em.-(Problembooksinmathematics)Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-387-95529-I(alk.paper)I.Pell'sequation.2.Numbertheory.I.Title.II.Series.QA242.B43952002512'.7-dc212002070735ISBN0-387-95529-1Printedonacid-freepaper.©2003Springer-VerlagNewYork,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Thiswo

7、rkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpanwithoutthewrittenpermissionofthepublisher(Springer-VerlagNewYork,Inc.•175FifthAvenue.NewYork.NY10010.USA),exceptforbriefexcerpL~inconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysis.Uscinconnectionwi