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1、HepaticPhysiologyLiver:Largestsolidorganinthebody.Performsover500chemicalprocesses.Producesover160differentproteins.Makesclottingfactorsfortheblood.Stores&releasessugarasglycogen.Storesiron,vitaminsandotheressentialchemicals.manufacturing,breakingdownandregulatingnumeroushormonesincludin
2、gsexhormones.Metabolizes,detoxifies,synthesizesbile.LaboratorytestsLab.Testsareeffectivein1-detectinghepaticdysfunction2-assessingtheseverityofliverdysfunction3-refiningthediagnosis4-monitoringthecourseofthedisease5-evaluatingtheresponsetotreatmentLiverfunctiontestsLiverfunctiontestsincl
3、ude:Testsofproteinmetabolism.Testsofbilirubinmetabolism.Testsofdyeintakeandexcretion.Testsofserumenzymes.Testsofviralhepatitis.Classifiedinto3groups:Syntheticfunction:albumin,PT.Hepatocyteinjury:AST,ALT.Cholestasis:bilirubin,ALP,GGT.PT,albumin,bilirubin-mostcommontestsusedasprognosticfac
4、tors.LiverFunctionTestsWhyitisdoneLiverfunctiontestsmaybedoneforavarietyofreasons:Screeningforlivervirusessuchashepatitis.Measuretheseverityofadisease.Monitortheprogressionofadiseaselikeviraloralcoholichepatitisanddeterminetheeffectoftreatment.Somecommonliverfunctiontestsinclude:Alaninet
5、ransaminase(ALT).Aspartatetransaminase(AST).Alkalinephosphatase(ALP).Albuminandtotalprotein.Bilirubin.Additionalteststhatmaybeusedtoevaluateliverfunctioninclude:Gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT).L-lactatedehydrogenase(LDH).Prothrombintime(PT)orinternationalnormalisedratio(INR).Thistestmeasu
6、restheclottingtimeofplasma.LiverSyntheticFunctionTotalProteinandserumalbumin.TotalBilirubin.ProthrombinTime(PT/INR).Theseare“true”testsofliverfunction.TestsofProteinMetabolismSerumtotalprotein(TP),albumin(A)andglobulin(G):ThenormalrangeofTP,AandGis60-80g/L,40-55g/Land20-30g/L.Thenormalra
7、tioofAtoG(A/G)is1.5-2.5:1IncreasedGanddecreasedA(reversedA/G)canbeseeninchronichepatitis,cirrhosis,hepaticneoplasm.AlbuminSynthesisregulatedbynutritionalstates,osmoticpressure,vascularintegrity,hormones,andlossinstoolandurine.Hypoalbuminemiamostcommoninpatientswithchronic
