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1、Labد.حسينمحمدجمعهاختصاصيالامراضالباطنةالبوردالعربيكليةطبالموصل2011Invitrodiagnostic(IVD)testsaremedicaldevicesintendedtoperformdiagnosesfromassaysinatesttube,ormoregenerallyinacontrolledenvironmentoutsidealivingorganism.InvitromeansinglassinLatin.Inmi
2、crobiology,colony-formingunit(CFUorcfu)isameasureofviablebacterialorfungalnumbers.Unlikedirectmicroscopiccountswhereallcells,deadandliving,arecounted,CFUmeasuresviablecells.ForconveniencetheresultsaregivenasCFU/mL(colony-formingunitspermilliliter)forl
3、iquids,andCFU/g(colony-formingunitspergram)forsolids.Ameasureofviablecellsinwhichacolonyrepresentsanaggregateofcellsderivedfromasingleprogenitorcell.SupplementCFUisusedtodeterminethenumberofviablebacterialcellsinasamplepermL.Hence,ittellsthedegreeofco
4、ntaminationinsamplesofwater,vegetables,soilorfruits,orthemagnitudeoftheinfectioninhumansandanimals.Thetermefficacygenerallyreferstotheabilityofaproducttoachieveitsdesiredeffectunderidealconditions,suchasacontrolledclinicaltrialinwhichtheproductisconsi
5、stentlyadministeredasprescribed.Theeffectivenessofaproductisitsabilitytoachievethedesiredeffectunderreal-worldconditions.Thechargetothecommitteeusesbothterms,andinmanysituationsthetermsareusedinterchangeably,withthecontextshowingwhethertheeffectswereo
6、bservedunderlaboratory-controlledorreal-worldconditions.PolymeraseChainReactionvs.BloodCultureinSepsisCorrelationwithsepsisseverityparameterswasbetterforPCRthanforbloodculture;inpatientswithsepsis,concordancebetweenthetwomethodswasmodest.Inpatientswit
7、hsepsis,rapidinitiationofadequateantibiotictherapyisakeycomponentoftherapy.Empiricaltherapywithbroad-spectrumantibioticsisuseduntilthecausativepathogenisidentified.(PCR)-baseddetectionsystemscouldmarkedlyshortenthetimetopathogenidentification,thushast
8、eningthestartoftargetedantibiotictherapy.ButhowwelldosuchPCR-basedsystemsperform?Tofindout,researchersinGermany—sponsoredbyindustry—comparedresultsofawhole-bloodbacterialandfungalDNAmultiplexPCRsystemwithconventionalbloodculture(BC)in142surgic
