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1、UndergraduateTextsinMathematicsEditorsS.AxlerF.W.GehringK.A.RibetSaberElaydiAnIntroductiontoDifferenceEquationsThirdEditionSaberElaydiDepartmentofMathematicsTrinityUniversitySanAntonio,Texas78212USAEditorialBoardS.AxlerF.W.GehringK.A.RibetMathematicsDepartmentMathematicsDepartmentDepart
2、mentofSanFranciscoStateEastHallMathematicsUniversityUniversityofMichiganUniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco,CA94132AnnArbor,MI48109atBerkeleyUSAUSABerkeley,CA94720-3840USAMathematicsSubjectClassification(2000):12031LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataElaydi,Saber,1943–Anintrodu
3、ctiontodifferenceequations/SaverElaydi.—3rded.p.cm.—(Undergraduatetextsinmathematics)Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-387-23059-9(acid-freepaper)1.Differenceequations.I.Title.II.Series.QA431.E432005515′.625—dc222004058916ISBN0-387-23059-9Printedonacid-freepaper.©2005Sprin
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6、nexpressionofopinionastowhetherornottheyaresubjecttoproprietaryrights.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.(MV)987654321SPIN10950678springeronline.comPrefacetotheThirdEditionIncontemplatingthethirdedition,Ihavehadmultipleobjectivestoachieve.Thefirstandforemostimportantobjectiveistomaintaint
7、heac-cessibilityandreadabilityofthebooktoabroadreadershipwithvaryingmathematicalbackgroundsandsophistication.Moreproofs,moregraphs,moreexplanations,andmoreapplicationsareprovidedinthisedition.Thesecondobjectiveistoupdatethecontentsofthebooksothatthereaderstaysabreastofnewdevelo