裁判可接受性概念之反省

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1、裁判可接受性概念之反省陈景辉　　【内容提要】以“公众意见能够取代法律标准”为核心的裁判可接受性概念，实际上是以下两个方面的统合：一方面，公众意见能够被转化成正当化理由，因此才能取代法律标准成为裁判依据；另一方面，司法民主化要求司法裁判必须反映公众意见。但是这两个要素都存在明显的缺陷：第一，公众意见难以转化为规范性的正当化理由；第二，司法民主化可以分为直接民主化与间接民主化，并且间接民主化能够更好地与现行民主制度、裁判者的司法义务等要素保持一致，但是裁判可接受性概念中的民主化只是直接民主化的体现。由于以上两

2、个方面的问题，裁判可接受性概念缺乏存在的恰当基础。　　【关键词】裁判可接受性公众意见正当化理由司法民主化　　[Abstract]Thisarticlefocusesonthecriticismoftheconceptofjudicialacceptabilitywhosecentralissueisthatjudgescanusepublicopinionstodisplacethelegalstandardsinlegalreasoning.Thisconcepthastwofactors.Firstl

3、y，thepublicopinions，likelegalstandards，arejustifyingreasons，sothattheycouldbethegroundofjudicialdecision—making.Secondly，topursuethevalueofjudicialdemocracy，publicopinionsmustbereflectedinthejudicialprocess.However，throughcarefulre-examinationofthosefacto

4、rs，bothareimplausible.　　Duetothefollowingtwoaspects，judicialacceptabilityisaconceptwithoutfoundations.Ontheonehand，publicopinionscouldnotbeconvertedtojustifyingreasons.Inlegalreasoning，judgesmustgiveargumentstosupportthedecisionsthattheyrender.Thoseargume

5、ntsarereasonsforthedecisions.Judgescouldgivetwokindsofreasons：justifyingreasonsandexplanatoryreasons.Theformeraimstojustifythedecisions，andthelatteraimstoexplainwhythosedecisionsoccurred.Therefore，theexplanatoryreasonshavenoabilitytojustifythedecisions.Un

6、doubtedly，becausethenatureofpublicopinionsisnotnecessary“（moral）good”andtheyareindeterminate，publicopinionsaretheexplanatoryreasonsofdecisions，notjustifyingones.Sojudgescouldnottakethoseopinionsasjustificationforthedecisionsinlegalreasoning.　　Ontheotherha

7、nd，democracyisthefundamentalpoliticalprincipleinmodernsociety，sothejudicialdemocracybecomesthefundamentalprincipleoflegalreasoning.Therearetwokindsofjudicialdemocracy：directlyjudicialdemocracyandindirectlyjudicialdemocracy.Thesupportersoftheconceptofjudic

8、ialacceptabilitythinkthatusingpublicopinionsinlegalreasoningwillmatchtherequirementofjudicialdemocracy.Butinfact，judicialacceptabilityonlymatchesthedirectlyjudicialdemocracy.Moreover，theindirectlyjudicialdemocracyco