elision , assimilation and length of a sound

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1、Elision,Assimilation&LengthofaSoundByZengRongElisionDefinition:Theomissionofasoundorsounds,eitherwithinthebodyofawordoratthejunctionofwords.Classification:historical&contextualelisionsHistoricalelision:asoundwhichexistedinanearlierformofawordisomittedinalaterfor.Contextualeli

2、sion:asoundmaybedroppedinrapidcasualspeechbutmayexistwhensaidslowlyorinisolation.Warmingupactivity热身练习Readthefollowingwordsandphrases.meetMeetyougoodGooddayAndMaryandJohnDoyouthinktherearechangesforthethreewordswhentheyareputwithotherwords?Whyorwhynot?Definitionofassimilation

3、Theprocessbywhichasoundismodifiedsothatitbecomessimilaroridenticaltoanadjacentornearbysound.Forexample,theprefixin-becomesim-inimpossiblebyassimilationtothelabialpofpossible.ApplicationofassimilationAssimilationisappliedsothatitbecomessimilaroridenticaltoanadjacentornearbysou

4、nd.PracticeReadingthefollowingsentences,payingattentiontoassimilationineachsentence.Nicetomeetyou.Wouldyoudoit?Don’tyouthinkso?1.ProgressiveAssimilationTheassimilatedsoundsareinfluencedbytheprecedingsounds.前面的音影响后面的音，叫顺向型同化。这种现象多见于单词读音中，如当名词后加-e(-es)变成复数，动词单数第三人称加-s(-es),或规则动

5、词后加“-ed”变成过去式或过去分词，由于受前面的音的影响，这些后加成分的读音各不相同。如cats和beds其复数形式同样是加“-s”但前者念[s],而后者念[z],原因是他们前面的音一个是清辅音[t]，另一个是浊辅音[d]。加“-ed”情况相同，其读音规律是清清浊浊，即清辅音后读清音，浊辅音后读浊音。如：looked念[lukt]，而pulled念[puld]。Itrainingcatsanddogs.Hestoppedreadingandlookedup.“Onmywayhome,Ilookedupanoldfriendofmine.”Hep

6、ulledatiredsmilewhenhesteppedoutoftheroom.ForExample:2.RegressiveAssimilation:thesoundisinfluencedbythefollowingsound.前面的音受后面的音影响，叫逆向型同化。如news的单独读音是[nju:z]，但在复合词newspaper中却读[`nju:speipә],[nju:z]中的[z]在复合词[`nju:speipә]中由于受后面清辅音[p]的影响而清化变成了[s]。又如：usedto短语本该读成[ju:zdtu]，但受后面[t]的影响

7、，浊辅音[d]变成了[t]，而[t]又影响[z]的读音，使其清化为[s]，所以现在应念成[ju:stu]。BeforeIeatdinner,Ireadthenewspaperforawhile.Wereadthenewspapereverymorning.Weusedtogothereeveryyear.Ourcompanyusedtodobusinesswiththeirs.ForExample:3.ReciprocalAssimilation:Twoneigh-boringsoundsinfluenceeachotherandbecomean

8、ewsound.相互同化相互同化就是前后两个连在一起得音念起来不太方便，于是连在一起的两个音就互为影响而混合成一个新的、折衷的、比较好念